ASTM D1331-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface-Active Agents
Standard Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface-Active Agents
ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the determination of surface tension and interfacial tension of solutions of surface-active agents using a tensiometer. Method A covers aqueous solutions of surface-active agents, but is also applicable to non-aqueous solutions and mixed solvent solutions. Method B is applicable to two-phase solutions. More than one solute component may be present, including solute components that are not in themselves surface-active.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of surface tension and interfacial tension of solutions of surface-active agents, as defined in Terminology D459. Two methods are covered as follows:
Method ASurface Tension.
Method BInterfacial Tension.
1.2 Method A is written primarily to cover aqueous solutions of surface-active agents, but is also applicable to nonaqueous solutions and mixed solvent solutions.
1.3 Method B is applicable to two-phase solutions. More than one solute component may be present, including solute components that are not in themselves surface-active.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover the determination of surface tension and interfacial tension of solutions of surface-active agents, as defined in Terminology D459.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D12 on Soaps and Other Detergents and the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on Physical Testing, these test methods were withdrawn in January 2010 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D1331 − 11
StandardTest Methods for
Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface-
1
Active Agents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope a sturdy support that is free from vibrations and other distur-
bances such as wind, sunlight, and heat. The wire of the ring
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of surface
shall be in one plane, free of bends or irregularities, and
tension and interfacial tension of solutions of surface-active
circular.When set in the instrument, the plane of the ring shall
agents, as defined in Terminology D459. Two methods are
be horizontal, that is, parallel to the surface plane of the liquid
covered as follows:
being tested.
Method A—Surface Tension.
Method B—Interfacial Tension.
3.2 Sample Container—The vessel for holding the liquid
shallbenotlessthan6cmindiameter,andsufficientlylargeto
1.2 Method A is written primarily to cover aqueous solu-
ensurethatthecontactanglebetweentheringandtheinterface
tions of surface-active agents, but is also applicable to non-
is zero.
aqueous solutions and mixed solvent solutions.
1.3 Method B is applicable to two-phase solutions. More
4. Preparation of Apparatus
than one solute component may be present, including solute
4.1 Clean all glassware thoroughly. The use of fresh
components that are not in themselves surface-active.
chromic-sulfuric acid cleaning mixture, followed by a thor-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ough rinsing in distilled water, is recommended.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Clean the platinum ring by rinsing thoroughly in a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- suitable solvent and in distilled water, before taking a set of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety
measurements. Allow the ring to dry, and then heat to white
Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review heat in the oxidizing portion of a gas flame.
them for hazards prior to usage.
5. Calibration of Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The tensiometer is, in fact, a torsion balance, and the
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
absolute accuracy depends on the length of the torsion arm,
D459Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
which is adjustable. Torsion may be applied to the wire by
means of either the dial-adjusting screw (which controls the
3. Apparatus
dial reading) or a rear adjusting screw. Calibration consists
3.1 Tensiometer—Either the du Nouy precision tensiometer
essentiallyinadjustingthelengthofthetorsionarmsothatthe
ortheduNouyinterfacialtensiometer,equippedwitheitherthe
dial scale will read directly in dynes per centimetre. The
4 or the 6-cm circumference platinum ring, as furnished by the
precisiontensiometershallbecalibratedinaccordancewiththe
manufacturer,maybeused.Thetensiometershallbeplacedon
following: 5.1.1 – 5.1.3; the interfacial tensiometer shall be
calibrated in accordance with 5.1.1 – 5.1.4.
5.1.1 Level the tensiometer. A liquid level of the type
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
employed on analytical balances may be used. Place the level
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and
onthetablethatholdsthesamplefortesting,andadjusttheleg
Paint Materials.
screws of the tensiometer until the table is horizontal. Pull the
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
torsion wire taut by means of the tension screw, and adjust the
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1331– 89(2001)
dial reading and the vernier to zero. Insert the platinum ring in
which was withdrawn January 2010 and reinstated in June 2011. DOI: 10.1520/
D1331-11.
the holder, and place a small piece of paper across the ring.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This will serve as a platform to hold the calibrating weight.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Turntherearadjustingscrewofthetorsionwireuntiltheindex
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. levelofthearmisoppositethereferencelineofthemirror;this
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