ASTM D7540-09(2013)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Dispersion of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
Standard Practice for Dispersion of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The results obtained with a mechanical muller do not necessarily correlate directly with an industrial situation where different dispersing conditions exist. However, dispersion with a mechanical muller is a quick and inexpensive way to prepare specimens for testing the color and strength of a pigment for routine quality control.
5.2 By following the procedure described in Appendix X1, the conditions for achieving the maximum practical degree of dispersion with a mechanical muller may be determined. Any color and strength tests done with the dispersions should be carried out under these conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to be used to disperse a chromatic pigment for subsequent testing.
1.2 This practice does not apply to white pigments.Note 1—The dispersion portion of Test Method D3022 is similar to this practice, but it utilizes a miniature sandmill rather than a mechanical muller, to disperse the chromatic pigment.Note 2—The dispersion portions of Test Methods D332 and D2745 are similar to this practice, but they are intended for use with white pigments, rather than chromatic pigments.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.
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Designation: D7540 − 09 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Practice for
Dispersion of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical
Muller
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7540; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice is intended to be used to disperse a 4.1 Pigments are dispersed in a suitable vehicle with a
mechanical muller. Test and standard pigments are treated
chromatic pigment for subsequent testing.
identically. Opaque drawdowns may be made from the disper-
1.2 This practice does not apply to white pigments.
sions and compared for color and strength differences either
NOTE1—ThedispersionportionofTestMethodD3022issimilartothis
visually or instrumentally.
practice, but it utilizes a miniature sandmill rather than a mechanical
muller, to disperse the chromatic pigment.
5. Significance and Use
NOTE 2—The dispersion portions ofTest Methods D332 and D2745 are
similar to this practice, but they are intended for use with white pigments,
5.1 The results obtained with a mechanical muller do not
rather than chromatic pigments.
necessarily correlate directly with an industrial situation where
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the different dispersing conditions exist. However, dispersion with
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
a mechanical muller is a quick and inexpensive way to prepare
only. specimens for testing the color and strength of a pigment for
routine quality control.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.2 By following the procedure described in Appendix X1,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the conditions for achieving the maximum practical degree of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- dispersion with a mechanical muller may be determined. Any
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
color and strength tests done with the dispersions should be
statements are given in Section 8. carried out under these conditions.
6. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Balances—(1) A balance sensitive to 10 mg and (2)an
2.1 ASTM Standards:
analytical balance sensitive to 1.0 mg.
D332 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White
Pigments by Visual Observation 6.2 Muller, Mechanical, equipped with ground-glass plates
D2745 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White
to which a variable but known force may be added in 220-N
Pigments by Reflectance Measurements (50-lbf) increments. The driven glass plate shall have a speed
D3022 Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pig-
ofrotationofbetween70and120r/minandtheapparatusshall
ments by Use of a Miniature Sandmill have an arrangement for pre-setting the number of revolutions
E284 Terminology of Appearance
in multiples of 50. See Fig. 1 for an example of such a device.
6.3 Rubbing Surfaces—The rubbing surfaces of the ground
3. Terminology
glass plates shall be kept sharp by removing them from the
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of appearance terms used in
muller and grinding them face-to-face with No. 303 optical
this practice may be found in Terminology E284.
emery, or its equivalent, and water.
6.4 Small Glass Slab or other nonabsorbent material, suit-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and able for weighing and mixing pigment pastes.
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
6.5 Spatula—Aflexiblespatulahavinga75to150-mm(3to
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
6-in.) blade.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7540 – 09. DOI:
7. Materials
10.1520/D7540-09R13.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1 Reference Standard—A standard pigment of the same
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
type and grade as the pigment to be tested, as agreed upon
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. between the purchaser and the seller.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7540 − 09 (2013)
vehicle the development of tinting strength by the mechanical
muller is influenced by the force applied, the number of
revolutions, the mass of the pigment, and the mass of the
vehicle. The conditions for obtaining the maximum tinting
strength with the mechanical muller can be determined by
following the procedure in Appendix X1.
9.2 If these conditions are known for a particular pigment
with a particular vehicle, or if the purchaser and seller agree
upon a particular set of conditions, there is no need to carry out
the procedure in Appendix X1.
10. Dispersion Procedure
10.1 Decide, by agreement or by experimentation, as dis-
cussed in Section 9, the following dispersing conditions:
10.1.1 Force applied to the muller plates;
10.1.2 Number of revolutions;
10.1.3 Mass of the pigment, and
10.1.4 Mass of the vehicle.
10.2 Applying these decisions, prepare a dispersion of the
reference standard pigment. Weigh onto a glass slab to within
2 mg, the appropriate quantities of the standard pigment and
the dispersing vehicle. Mix the pigment and vehicle together
thoroughly with the spatula and transfer the mixture to the
lower plate of the muller. Spread the mixture in a path
FIG. 1 A Muller-Type Laboratory Grinder/Disperser (Courtesy of
approximately 100 mm wide and halfway between the center
Paul N. Gardner Company, Inc.)
and rim of the lower plate, and c
...
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