ASTM E1198-24

Standard Practice for Sampling Zooplankton with Pumps

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The advantages of collecting zooplankton with pumps are as follows:  
5.1.1 Sample size is more accurately controlled than with nets.  
5.1.2 Discrete samples can be more easily obtained both vertically and horizontally.  
5.1.3 Multiple or replicate samples can be more easily obtained.  
5.1.4 The pumps are adaptable to a variety of ecosystems less than 30 m deep.  
5.1.5 Sampling efficiency does not decrease with sample size.  
5.2 The disadvantages of collecting zooplankton with pumps are as follows:  
5.2.1 Pumps are bulky and require an electrical source.  
5.2.2 Pumps are generally more costly than nets.  
5.2.3 Pumps generally discriminate against collecting macroplankton.  
5.2.4 Pump intake tubes may be avoided by the more motile zooplankton forms.  
5.2.5 Requires a long, bulky, intake tube for deep water sampling.  
5.3 There are several special considerations that should be observed when collecting zooplankton with a pump. They are:  
5.3.1 Some pumps can fragment zooplankton and induce mortality due to their design.  
5.3.2 The pump hose must be cleared before taking the next sample.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for obtaining qualitative/quantitative samples of a zooplankton community by use of pumping systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2024
• ICS: 13.060.30 - Sewage water
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.24 - Water Microbiology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1198-19 - Standard Practice for Sampling Zooplankton with Pumps
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024

Overview

ASTM E1198-24: Standard Practice for Sampling Zooplankton with Pumps provides established procedures for collecting both qualitative and quantitative samples of zooplankton using pumping systems. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is essential for researchers and technicians involved in aquatic ecology and environmental monitoring, ensuring consistency, reliability, and accuracy in zooplankton sampling across various freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. ASTM E1198-24 aligns with internationally recognized principles for standardization set by the World Trade Organization's Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Key Topics

• Scope and Purpose: Specifies methods for using pump systems to sample zooplankton communities from water bodies up to 30 meters deep, focusing on both sample representativeness and reproducibility.
• Advantages of Pump-Based Sampling:
  • Greater control over sample size compared to traditional nets.
  • Ability to collect discrete samples vertically and horizontally in water columns.
  • Efficiency in obtaining multiple or replicate samples.
  • Adaptability for use in various aquatic environments less than 30 meters deep.
  • Sampling efficiency is maintained regardless of sample volume.
• Limitations and Considerations:
  • Requires bulky equipment and electrical power sources, increasing operational complexity and cost.
  • Less effective for macroplankton, as pump designs may exclude or fragment larger organisms.
  • More motile zooplankton may evade sampling intake tubes.
  • Deep water sampling demands longer, more cumbersome intake tubes.
  • Certain pumps may increase zooplankton mortality or cause organism fragmentation.
  • Ensuring pump hoses are cleared between samples is necessary to prevent cross-contamination.
• Safety and Compliance: The standard notes that users are responsible for adhering to health, safety, and environmental practices and for observing any regulatory limitations.

Applications

• Aquatic Environmental Monitoring: Facilitates consistent collection of zooplankton samples for water quality assessments, biodiversity studies, and long-term ecological research.
• Research and Academic Studies: Provides reliable methodologies for laboratory and field investigations into zooplankton population dynamics, food web interactions, and ecosystem health.
• Regulatory Compliance: Supports governmental and non-governmental organizations in fulfilling monitoring requirements for aquatic environments, especially where international reporting standards are mandated.
• Method Validation and Technology Assessment: Used for testing the effectiveness of pump designs and sampling protocols in aquatic sample collection methodologies.

By following ASTM E1198-24, organizations can obtain reproducible and comparable data, contributing to better decision-making in aquatic resource management.

Related Standards

• ASTM E1200 - Practice for Preserving Zooplankton Samples: Outlines best practices for the preservation of collected zooplankton, complementing the sampling process defined in E1198-24.
• ASTM D1129 - Terminology Relating to Water: Provides definitions for terms used across water testing standards, including those relevant to zooplankton sampling.
• ISO and Other International Guidelines: Many global freshwater and marine sampling programs refer to similar or harmonized procedures for plankton collection as outlined in this ASTM standard.

Conclusion

ASTM E1198-24 is a critical standard for consistent, controlled, and effective zooplankton sampling using pumps. Its guidance helps ensure scientific integrity in environmental studies, supports compliance with regulatory frameworks, and advances the field of aquatic monitoring by providing reliable methodologies that are recognized on both national and international levels.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1198 − 24
Standard Practice for
Sampling Zooplankton with Pumps
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.3 zooplankton, n—plankton consisting of small animals
and the immature stages of larger animals.
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for obtaining
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Some of these organisms, such as min-
qualitative/quantitative samples of a zooplankton community
iature crustaceans and protozoans, are very small. Others, such
by use of pumping systems.
as jellyfish, are larger. Some fishes and shellfish begin their
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
lives as eggs or tiny larvae. These eggs and larvae are also
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
zooplankton.
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Practice
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Water is pumped from a discrete depth and passed
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
through a net. The captured zooplankton are removed from the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
net and preserved as dictated by the objectives of the study.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 The advantages of collecting zooplankton with pumps
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- are as follows:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 5.1.1 Sample size is more accurately controlled than with
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. nets.
5.1.2 Discrete samples can be more easily obtained both
2. Referenced Documents
vertically and horizontally.
5.1.3 Multiple or replicate samples can be more easily
2.1 ASTM Standards:
obtained.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
5.1.4 The pumps are adaptable to a variety of ecosystems
E1200 Practice for Preserving Zooplankton Samples
less than 30 m deep.
5.1.5 Sampling efficiency does not decrease with sample
3. Terminology
size.
3.1 Definitions:
5.2 The disadvantages of collecting zooplankton with
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
Terminology D1129. pumps are as follows:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 5.2.1 Pumps are bulky and require an electrical source.
3.2.1 macroplankton, n—macroscopic plankton comprising
5.2.2 Pumps are generally more costly than nets.
of the larger planktonic organisms.
5.2.3 Pumps generally discriminate against collecting mac-
roplankton.
3.2.2 plankton, n—collection of org
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1198 − 19 E1198 − 24
Standard Practice for
Sampling Zooplankton with Pumps
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for obtaining qualitative/quantitative samples of a zooplankton community by use of
pumping systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
E1200 Practice for Preserving Zooplankton Samples
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 macroplankton, n—macroscopic plankton comprising of the larger planktonic organisms.
3.2.2 plankton, n—collection of organisms that drift with tides and currents.
3.2.3 zooplankton, n—plankton consisting of small animals and the immature stages of larger animals.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
Some of these organisms, such as miniature crustaceans and protozoans, are very small. Others, such as jellyfish, are larger. Some
fishes and shellfish begin their lives as eggs or tiny larvae. These eggs and larvae are also zooplankton.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.24 on Water Microbiology.
Current edition approved April 1, 2019April 1, 2024. Published April 2019April 2024. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20122019 as
E1198 – 87 (2012).E1198 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/E1198-19.10.1520/E1198-24.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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E1198 − 24
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Water is pumped from
...