ASTM D2243-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
Standard Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the effect of freeze/thaw cycling on the viscosity and visual film properties of water-borne coatings.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 2243 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the 5.1 Test Chamber—A suitable cabinet, room, or enclosure
effect of freeze/thaw cycling on the viscosity and visual film space large enough to contain the specimens to be tested
properties of water-borne coatings. permitting at least 1 in. (25 mm) of air space between the sides
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded of adjacent cans and capable of being maintained continuously
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for at a temperature of 0°F (−18°C).
information only.
NOTE 1—Although a variation of the test chamber temperature of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
63.5°F (62°C) is allowed, the test chamber temperature should be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
maintained as near 0°F (−18°C) as practicable and the amount of variation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- should be recorded and reported.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Viscometer—A Stormer viscometer with paddle type
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rotor as described in Test Method D 562 or a Brookfield
viscometer as described in Test Methods D 2196.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Test Charts—Smooth surface paper charts having adja-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cent black and white areas, and coated with a suitable varnish
D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Using the
or lacquer to render the surface impermeable to paint liquids.
Stormer Viscometer
5.4 Paint Brush, 1 in. (25 mm).
D 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
5.5 Bar Applicator, with a 7-mil (0.18-mm) clearance.
Newtonian Materials By Rotational (Brookfield) Viscom-
eter
6. Preparation of Sample and Specimens
6.1 Prepare specimens for testing by filling 1-pt (500 mL)
3. Summary of Test Method
resin-lined, friction-top cans two thirds full. Ensure that the
3.1 The water-borne coating is put into two pint-size (500-
bulk sample from which the cans are filled is well stirred and
mL) resin lined cans. One can is stored at room temperature,
uniform, that the containers used are clean, and that the lids are
while the other can is subjected to cycles of freezing and
applied promptly to the cans to prevent evaporation losses.
thawing. After cycling, the coating is examined for changes in
Two such specimens are required for each test.
viscosity and visual film properties.
7. Exposure to Test Conditions
4. Significance and Use
7.1 Store one can at room temperature and identify this as
4.1 When water-borne coatings are shipped during cold
the control specimen.
weather, they may experience cycles of freezing and thawing.
7.2 Place the second can, the paint under test, identified as
Cycles of freezing and thawing cause more damage to water-
the “test specimen”, in the chamber maintained at 0°F (−18°C)
borne coatings than when the coatings are subjected to steady
in such a manner that it does not touch the walls or bottom of
freezing.
the chamber and so that free circulation of air around it is
permitted. The placing of cans on racks that raise them off the
bottom of the chamber or upon pieces of insulating board
resting on the bottom is suggested. In the case of several test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applicationsand is the direct responsibility of
specimens, maintain a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) of air space
Subcommittee D01.42on Architectural Finishes.
between adjacent cans and between cans and the chamber
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995. Originally
walls. Keep the test specimen in the chamber for 17 h and then
p
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