ASTM D7007-24
(Practice)Standard Practices for Electrical Methods for Locating Leaks in Geomembranes Covered with Water or Earthen Materials
Standard Practices for Electrical Methods for Locating Leaks in Geomembranes Covered with Water or Earthen Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Geomembranes are used as impermeable barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose. For these reasons, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.
4.2 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.
4.3 The most significant causes of leaks in geomembranes that are covered with only water are related to construction activities, including pumps and equipment placed on the geomembrane, accidental punctures, and punctures caused by traffic over rocks or debris on the geomembrane or in the subgrade.
4.4 The most significant cause of leaks in geomembranes covered with earthen materials is construction damage caused by machinery that occurs while placing the earthen material on the geomembrane. Such damage also can breach additional layers of the lining system such as geosynthetic clay liners.
4.5 Electrical leak location methods are an effective final quality assurance measure to detect and locate leaks. If any of the requirements for survey area preparation is not adhered to, then leak sensitivity could be diminished. Optimal survey area conditions are described in Section 6.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover standard procedures for using electrical methods to locate leaks in geomembranes covered with water or earthen materials. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.9).
1.2 These practices are intended to ensure that leak location surveys are performed with a standardized level of leak detection capability. To allow further innovations, and because various leak location practitioners use a wide variety of procedures and equipment to perform these surveys, performance-based protocol are also used that specify minimum leak detection criteria.
1.3 The survey shall then be conducted using the demonstrated equipment, procedures, and survey parameters. In the absence of the minimum signal strength during leak detection distance testing, a minimum measurement density specification is provided. Alternatively, the minimum measurement density may simply be used.
1.4 Separate procedures are given for leak location surveys for geomembranes covered with water and for geomembranes covered with earthen materials. Separate procedures are given for leak detection distance tests using actual and artificial leaks.
1.5 Examples of methods of data analysis for soil-covered surveys are provided as guidance in Appendix X1.
1.6 Leak location surveys can be used on geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, and other containment facilities. The procedures are applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous material, and other electrically insulating materials.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 (Warning—The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location could use high voltages, resulting in the potential for electrical shock or electrocution. This hazard might be increased because operations might be conducted in or near water. In particular, a high voltage could exist between the water or earthen material and earth ground, or any grounded conductor. These procedures are potentially VERY DANGEROUS, and can re...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7007 − 24
Standard Practices for
Electrical Methods for Locating Leaks in Geomembranes
1
Covered with Water or Earthen Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 These practices cover standard procedures for using
standard.
electrical methods to locate leaks in geomembranes covered
1.8 (Warning—The electrical methods used for geomem-
with water or earthen materials. For clarity, this practice uses
brane leak location could use high voltages, resulting in the
the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts,
potential for electrical shock or electrocution. This hazard
seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed
might be increased because operations might be conducted in
geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.9).
or near water. In particular, a high voltage could exist between
1.2 These practices are intended to ensure that leak location
the water or earthen material and earth ground, or any
surveys are performed with a standardized level of leak
grounded conductor. These procedures are potentially VERY
detection capability. To allow further innovations, and because
DANGEROUS, and can result in personal injury or death. The
various leak location practitioners use a wide variety of
electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location should
procedures and equipment to perform these surveys,
be attempted only by qualified and experienced personnel.
performance-based protocol are also used that specify mini-
Appropriate safety measures must be taken to protect the leak
mum leak detection criteria.
location operators as well as other people at the site.)
1.3 The survey shall then be conducted using the demon-
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
strated equipment, procedures, and survey parameters. In the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
absence of the minimum signal strength during leak detection
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
distance testing, a minimum measurement density specification
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
is provided. Alternatively, the minimum measurement density
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
may simply be used.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.4 Separate procedures are given for leak location surveys
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
for geomembranes covered with water and for geomembranes
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
covered with earthen materials. Separate procedures are given
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
for leak detection distance tests using actual and artificial leaks.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.5 Examples of methods of data analysis for soil-covered
surveys are provided as guidance in Appendix X1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
1.6 Leak location surveys can be used on geomembranes 2.1 ASTM Standards:
installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
cells, landfill caps, and other containment facilities. The D6747 Guide for Selection of Techniques for Electrical Leak
procedures are applicable for geomembranes made of materials
Location of Leaks in Geomembranes
such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlo-
3. Terminology
rosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous material, and other
electrically insulating materials.
3.1 For general definitions related to geosynthetics, see
Terminology D4439.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on
2
Geomembranes. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7007 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7007-24. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM Internat
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7007 − 16 D7007 − 24
Standard Practices for
Electrical Methods for Locating Leaks in Geomembranes
1
Covered with Water or Earthen Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices cover standard procedures for using electrical methods to locate leaks in geomembranes covered with water
or earthen materials. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks,
and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.53.2.9).
1.2 These practices are intended to ensure that leak location surveys are performed with demonstrated a standardized level of leak
detection capability. To allow further innovations, and because various leak location practitioners use a wide variety of procedures
and equipment to perform these surveys, performance-based operationsprotocol are also used that specify the minimum leak
detection performance for the equipment and procedures.criteria.
1.3 These practices require that the leak location The survey shall then be conducted using the demonstrated equipment,
procedures, and survey parameters used are demonstrated to result in an established minimum leak detection distance. The survey
shall then be conducted using the demonstrated equipment, procedures, and survey parameters.parameters. In the absence of the
minimum signal strength during leak detection distance testing, a minimum measurement density specification is provided.
Alternatively, the minimum measurement density may simply be used.
1.4 Separate procedures are given for leak location surveys for geomembranes covered with water and for geomembranes covered
with earthen materials. Separate procedures are given for leak detection distance tests using actual and artificial leaks.
1.5 Examples of methods of data analysis for soil-covered surveys are provided as guidance in Appendix X1.
1.6 Leak location surveys can be used on geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill
caps, and other containment facilities. The procedures are applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene,
polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous material, and other electrically-insulating electri-
cally insulating materials.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 (Warning—The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location could use high voltages, resulting in the potential for
electrical shock or electrocution. This hazard might be increased because operations might be conducted in or near water. In
particular, a high voltage could exist between the water or earthen material and earth ground, or any grounded conductor. These
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and isare the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016March 1, 2024. Published January 2016March 2024. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 as
D7007D7007 – 16.-15. DOI: 10.1520/D7007-16.10.1520/D7007-24.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7007 − 24
procedures are potentially VERY DANGEROUS, and can result in personal injury or death. The electrical methods used for
geomembrane leak location should be attempted only by qualified and experienced personnel. Appropriate safety measures must
be taken to protect the leak location operators as well as other people at the site.)
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of In
...
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