ASTM F1867-98
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation
Standard Practice for Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits 4 in. (102 mm) to 18 in. (457 mm) in diameter by the insertion of a folded/formed PVC pipe that is heated, pressurized, and expanded to conform to the wall of the original conduit forming a new structural pipe-within-a-pipe. This rehabilitation process can be used in a variety of gravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and process piping.
1.2 This practice is to be used with the material specified in Section 6 of Specification F 1871.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 1867 – 98
Standard Practice for
Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope moplastic Pipe and Fittings
F 412 Terminology Relating To Plastic Piping Systems
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for the rehabilitation
F 1417 Test Method for Installation Acceptance of Plastic
of sewer lines and conduits 4 in. (102 mm) to 18 in. (457 mm)
Gravity Sewer Lines Using Low Pressure Air
in diameter by the insertion of a folded/formed PVC pipe that
F 1871 Specification for Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chlo-
is heated, pressurized, and expanded to conform to the wall of
ride) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Reha-
the original conduit forming a new structural pipe-within-a-
bilitation
pipe. This rehabilitation process can be used in a variety of
2.2 Uni-Bell Standard:
gravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and
UNI-B-5-89 Recommended Practice for the Installation of
process piping.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe
1.2 This practice is to be used with the material specified in
Section 6 of Specification F 1871.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are provided
nology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Ter-
for information only.
minology D 1600, unless otherwise indicated. The abbrevia-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tion for poly(vinyl chloride) plastics is PVC.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 The term TYPE A is not an abbreviation but rather an
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
arbitrary designation for PVC compounds with a minimum
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
value for modulus in tension as listed in 6.1 and a maximum
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
value as defined by cell limit 1 of Specification D 1784.
1.5 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.1 folded pipe, n—pipe that has been manufactured and
calibrated round, then subsequently cooled and deformed into
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 a folded shape for use in existing sewer and conduit rehabili-
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
tation (see Fig. 1).
D 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
2 3.2.2 formed pipe, n—a folded pipe that has been inserted
Under Flexural Load
into an existing sewer or conduit and expanded with steam heat
D 790 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
and pressure, and, if required by the manufacturer, with a
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
squeegee device or similar device to provide a close fit to the
als
existing pipe (see Fig. 1).
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
3.2.3 formed field sample, n—A formed field sample is
Plastics
formed when the folded pipe has been inserted into a mold pipe
D 1784 Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
and expanded with steam heat and pressure, and, if required by
(PVC) Compounds And Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
the manufacturer, with a squeegee or similar device to provide
(CPVC) Compounds
a close fit to the mold pipe.
D 2122 Test Method of Determining Dimensions of Ther-
3.2.4 liner, n—PVC formed pipe fully functional as a pipe
within a rehabilitated pipe.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of Committee F-17 on Plastic Piping
Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on Trenchless
Plastic Pipeline Technology. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published September 1998. Available from Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2655 Villa Creek Drive, Suite
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. 155, Dallas, TX 75234.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1867–98
NOTE 1—This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specific to this practice and shows a representative folded pipe shape. Other folded pipe
shapes may meet the requirements of this practice.
FIG. 1 Folder Pipe and Formed Pipe—Clarification of Terms
3.2.5 squeegee or similar device, n—a device to sequen- be installed only with the specific approval of the cognizant
tially heat and expand the folded pipe to provide a close fit to code authority, since chemicals not commonly found in drains
the existing pipe.
and sewers and temperatures in excess of 140 °F (60 °C) may
3.2.6 dimples (dimpling), n—Where a side connection
be encountered.
meets the existing conduit, there is no support for the PVC pipe
during forming, causing a point of thermoplastic pipe expan-
5. Materials
sion slightly beyond the existing pipe wall. This formation of
5.1 The folded/formed PVC liner pipe should be made from
an external departure from the formed pipe wall is termed
PVC compound, meeting all the requirements for cell classi-
dimpling.
fication 12111-C as defined in Specification D 1784 and with
3.2.7 insertion point, n—An existing manhole, existing
minimum physical properties as listed below:
access shaft, or an excavation that serves as the point of
Tensile Strength Test Method 3600 PSI (25 MPa)
entrance for the folded pipe into the existing pipe.
D 638
3.2.8 termination point, n—An existing manhole, existing
Tensile Modulus Test Method 155 000 PSI (1069 MPa)
access shaft, or an excavated pit that serves as the point of exit
D 638
Flexural Strength Test Method 4100 PSI (28 MPa)
of the folded pipe from the existing pipe.
D 790
Flexural Modulus Test Method 145 000 PSI (1000 MPa)
4. Significance and Use
D 790
Heat Deflection Test Method 115 °F (46 °C)
4.1 This practice is for use by designers, and specifies
D 648
regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations in-
Temperature Tested at 264 (2 MPa)
volved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and con-
psi
duits. Modifications may be required, depending on specific
job conditions, to establish a project specification. The manu-
facturer of the product should be consulted for design and
installation information. Industrial waste disposal lines should
F1867–98
5.1.1 Compounds meeting the above minimum properties to a downstream point or adjacent system. Services within this
that have different cell classifications because one or more work area will be temporarily out of service.
properties are greater to those of the specified compounds are 6.1.6 Public advisory services will be required to notify all
also acceptable, except modulus in tension shall not exceed parties whose service lateral will be out of commission and to
280 000 psi. advise against water usage until the main line is back in
service.
5.2 Rework Material—Clean rework material from this type
6.2 Insertion:
of pipe, generated from the manufacturer’s own pipe produc-
6.2.1 The reel of folded pipe should be positioned near the
tion may be used by the same manufacturer provided that the
insertion point. The end of the reel of folded pipe should be
rework material meets all the requirements of 5.1.
tapered and have holes drilled for the attachment of a pulling
head. If recommended by the manufacturer, the coil of folded
6. Installation Recommendations
pipe may be heated to about 110°F prior to insertion. An
6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:
enclosure should be designed so that hot air is continually
6.1.1 Access Safety—Prior to entering access areas such as
exiting from it and not allowing ambient air to be drawn in.
manholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations,
6.2.2 A steel cable should be strung through the existing
an evaluation of the atmosphere to determine the presence of
conduit and attached to the beveled cut end of the folded pipe.
toxic or flammable vapors or lack of oxygen must be conducted
The folded pipe should be pulled with a power winch unit and
in accordance with local, state, or federal safety regulations.
cable directly from the reel, through the insertion point, and
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—Internal debris should be re-
through the existing pipe to the termination point and extend-
moved from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should be
ing 4 ft (1.2 mm) beyond. The pulling force should be
cleaned with one or more of the following: hydraulically
monitored and limited to the allowable tensile stress of the
powered equipment, high velocity jet cleaners, or mechanically
folded pipe (50 % of yield at 212°F) times the pipe wall
powered equipment.
cross-sectional area.
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipelines—The interior of the pipeline
6.2.3 After insertion is completed, the pipe should be
should be carefully inspected to determine the location of any
secured at the termination end.
condition that may prevent proper installation of the folded
6.3 Expansion:
pipe, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or crushed
6.3.1 Through the use of heat, pressure, and, if recom-
pipe, out-of-roundness, significant line sags, and deflected
mended by the manufacturer, the use of a squeegee or similar
joints. These conditions should be noted, and, if deemed
device, the folded pipe should be fully expanded. Temperature
necessary by the end-user, corrected prior to installation.
and pressure must be sufficient to overcome the extrusion
Inspection of pipelines should be performed by experienced
memory of the thermoplastic material. The manufacturer must
personnel trained in locating breaks, obstacles, and service
be consulted as to suggested temperature and pressure. Expan-
connections by closed circuit television.
sion pressures must be sufficient to press the PVC liner pipe
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The existing pipeline should be
against the wall of the existing conduit so as to neatly and
clear of obstructions that will prevent the proper insertion and
tightly fit the internal circumference of the existing line and to
expansion of the folded pipe. Such conditions require access at
form dimples at the service connections.
these points for termination and start of a new insertion.
NOTE 1—Folded pipe expansion pressures are typically in the range of
Changes in pipe size may be accommodated, if the wall
3 to 5 psi (20.6 to 34.4 kPa), but may vary based on field conditions.
thickness of the liner pipe has been designed for expansion.
Obstructions could include dropped or offset joints of more
6.3.2 If recommended by the manufacturer, and a squeegee
than 12.5 % of inside pipe diameter and service connections or similar device is used for expansion, it should be propelled
that protrude into the pipe more than 12.5 % of the inside
at a controlled rate within the heated unfolded liner pipe,
diameter of 1 in. (25 mm), whichever is greater. Other expanding the liner pipe in a progressive manner, which should
obstructions may be reduction of the cross-sectional area of
not exceed 4 to 6 ft per minute (1.2 to 1.8 m). This should allow
more than 14 % (based on the inside diameter of the existing the water and air between the unfolded PVC liner pipe and
pipe), which may be the result of point repairs or patches, and
existing pipe to escape downstream as the squeegee device or
would prevent the folded pipe from totally and properly similar device moves along.
forming. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be
6.3.3 Once the squeegee or similar device has reached the
removed by cleaning or rodding, then a point repair excavation
termination point, or if expansion is only by the use of heat and
should be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruc-
pressure and the liner at the termination point has fully formed
tion. Typically, with bends along the pipe length in excess of
against the host pipe, the expansion pressure should be
30°, the manufacturer shall be consulted.
maintained for a minimum of 5 min to ensure the complete
6.1.5 Bypassing—If flow cannot be interrupted for the expansion of the pipe at local deformities and to allow for
necessary duration, bypassing of flow is required around the complete dimpling at side connections.
sections of the existing pipeline designated for rehabilitation. 6.3.4 Cool-down—The formed pipe should be cooled to a
The pump and bypass lines should be of adequate capacity and temperature below 100 °F (38 °C) before relieving the pressure
size to handle any flows during the installation period. The required to hold the PVC pipe against the existing pipe wall.
bypass should be made by plugging the line at the point This cool-down procedure may take approximately one half to
upstream of the pipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flow one hour.
F1867–98
NOTE 3—The leakage test is intended to evaluate the water tightness of
6.3.5 After the formed pipe has cooled down, the terminat-
pipe lengths before service laterals have been reinstated.
ing ends should be trimmed to a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm)
beyond the existing pipe as allowance for possible shrinkage
7.3 Field Sampling—For each insertion length designated
during cooling to ambient temperature.
by the owner in the contract documents or purchase order, a
6.4 Service Connections—After the formed pipe has been
rounded field sample should be prepared at the insertion or
installed, the existing active service connections should be
termination point, or both, by installing the folded PVC pipe
reconnected, unless otherwise specified by the owner. This
into a mold pipe. The mold pipe shall be of like diameter to the
should be done without excavation from the interior of the
existing pipe and should be a minimum of one diameter in
pipeline by means of a television camera and a remote control
length. The following test procedures should be followed after
device used to re-establish the service connections.
the sample is expanded and cooled down as an integral part of
the folded PVC installation process and removed from the
NOTE 2—In many cases, a seal is provided where the formed pipe
mold pipe.
dimples at service connections. If total elimination of infiltration and
7.3.1 Dimensions:
inflow is desired, other means, which are beyond the scope of this practice
may be necessary to seal service connections and to
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.