ASTM C1026-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic and Glass Tile to Freeze-Thaw Cycling
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic and Glass Tile to Freeze-Thaw Cycling
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test for resistance to freezing and thawing functions as a guide to the selection of ceramic and glass tiles suitable for outdoor service in geographic areas subjected to freezing. It can serve as a test method to verify compliance with specifications for ceramic and glass tiles, and provides a control test for determining the freeze/thaw resistance of tiles being manufactured for exterior installations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedures and equipment required to test either glazed or unglazed ceramic or glass tiles for resistance to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Tiles of any size or shape may be tested by this test method.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1026 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic and Glass Tile to
1
Freeze-Thaw Cycling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope outdoor service in geographic areas subjected to freezing. It
can serve as a test method to verify compliance with specifi-
1.1 This test method describes the procedures and equip-
cations for ceramic and glass tiles, and provides a control test
mentrequiredtotesteitherglazedorunglazedceramicorglass
for determining the freeze/thaw resistance of tiles being
tiles for resistance to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing.
manufactured for exterior installations.
Tiles of any size or shape may be tested by this test method.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5. Apparatus
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
5.1 Freezing Chamber. The freezing chamber for this test
information only.
methodmaybeofanytypeprovidedithasthecapacitytocool
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1 1
the test load to 27 6 ⁄2 °F (-3 6 ⁄4 °C) within a period of 3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to 6 h. By adjusting the mass of the test load, any freezer can
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
be used in this test as long as a 3- to 6-h period to reach 27 6
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1 1
⁄2 °F (-3 6 ⁄4 °C) is achieved. See Figs. 1 and 2.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Freezing Container. Afreezing container of such design
2. Referenced Documents
andshapethatitfitsinsidethefreezingchamberandwillallow
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the test specimens to be laid flat on a tile support rack at the
C242Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
bottom of the container. The freezing container may be of any
2
Products
convenient size or shape (a stainless steel sink works well). It
must have a low point in which the thermocouple can be
3. Summary of Test Method
securely located such that the water around the thermocouple
3.1 Adesignatedtestloadoftilespecimensissaturatedwith freezes last (typically near the bottom center of the container).
The water level inside the container is maintained throughout
water prior to being placed face-up in a metal water-filled
container inside a freezer.The water level is adjusted such that the test by adjusting the height of an overflow drain. See Fig.
the tile specimens are partially submerged. A thermocouple is 3.
inserted into the bottom of the metal container such that the
5.3 Tile Support Rack. Arack capable of supporting the test
water surrounding the thermocouple is the last location to
1
specimensaminimumof ⁄4in.(6mm)abovethebottomofthe
freezeandthaw.Freezingisfollowedbyathawingcycleusing
freezing container in a consistent, level manner. It should be
water that flows over the test load. The number of freeze-thaw
rustproof,unaffectedbyfreeze/thawcyclingandwithsufficient
cycles is recorded and after 300 cycles, the test load is visually
openings that the thawing water passes easily over and around
examined for damage and checked for total weight loss.
the frozen tile specimens during the thawing cycle. See Fig. 4.
4. Significance and Use
5.4 Water Reservoir. A reservoir of sufficient volume, in
which water is maintained at a temperature of 60 6 20°F (16
4.1 Thetestforresistancetofreezingandthawingfunctions
611°C)andusedtoraisethetemperatureofthetestloadto40
asaguidetotheselectionofceramicandglasstilessuitablefor
1 1
6 ⁄2 °F (5 6 ⁄4 °C) during the thawing cycle. See Fig. 5.
5.5 Water Pump. A low-pressure water pump of sufficient
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
capacity to pump water from the water reservoir into the
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
freezing chamber in such manner that it can flood water over
Current edition approved March 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originally
thetestload.Afloworpressurereductionvalvemayneedtobe
published in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1026–10. DOI:
installedbetweenthewaterpumpandthefloodingassemblyto
10.1520/C1026-13.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02. prevent spraying. See Fig. 6.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1026 − 13
FIG. 1 Freezing Chamber, Front View
5.6 Flooding Assembly. PVC pipe or similar w
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1026 − 10 C1026 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic and Glass Tile to
1
Freeze-Thaw Cycling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the procedures and equipment required to test either glazed or unglazed ceramic tile or glass tiles
for resistance to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Ceramic tile Tiles of any size or shape may be tested by this test method.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A designated test-load test load of tile specimens is saturated with water, and placed in a freezer with thermocouples
(thermometer) inserted. water prior to being placed face-up in a metal water-filled container inside a freezer. The water level is
adjusted such that the tile specimens are partially submerged. A thermocouple is inserted into the bottom of the metal container
such that the water surrounding the thermocouple is the last location to freeze and thaw. Freezing is followed by a thawing cycle
with the specimens immersed in water. using water that flows over the test load. The number of tile damaged after freezing and
thawing for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 . . . 150 cycles is determined by visual examination.freeze-thaw cycles is recorded and after 300
cycles, the test load is visually examined for damage and checked for total weight loss.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The test for resistance to freezing and thawing functions as a guide to the selection of ceramic tile and glass tiles suitable
for outdoor service in geographic areas subjected to freezing. It can serve as a test method to verify compliance with specifications
for ceramic tile, and and glass tiles, and provides a control test for determining the uniformity freeze/thaw resistance of tiletiles
being manufactured for exterior installations.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Freezing Chamber. The freezing chamber for this test method may be ofany of any type provided it has the capacity to cool
1 1
the center of the test load to 0°F (-18°C)27 6 ⁄2 °F (-3 6 ⁄4 °C) within a period of 63 to 86 h. By adjusting the mass of the test
load, freezers with various freezing rates may any freezer can be used in this test as long as the 6-a 3- to 8-h6-h period to reach
1 1
0°F (-18°C)27 6 ⁄2 °F (-3 6 ⁄4 °C) is maintained.achieved. See Figs. 1 and 2.
5.2 Freezing Container. A freezing container of such design and shape that it fits inside the freezing chamber and will allow
the test specimens to be laid flat on a tile support rack at the bottom of the container. The freezing container may be of any
convenient size or shape (a stainless steel sink works well). It must have a low point in which the thermocouple can be securely
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010March 1, 2013. Published December 2010April 2013. Originally published in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20092010
as C1026 – 87C1026 – 10.(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C1026-10.10.1520/C1026-13.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1026 − 13
FIG. 1 Freezing Chamber, Front View
located such that the water around the thermocouple freezes last (typically near the bottom center of the container). The water level
inside the container is maintained throughout the test by adjusting the height of an overflow drain. See Fig. 3.
1
5.3 Tile Support Rack. A rack capable
...
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