ASTM A311/A311M-04(2020)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property Requirements
Standard Specification for Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property Requirements
ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-drawn, stress-relieved carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements. The bars are furnished in two classes, A and B. Class A are normal-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds, squares, hexagons, and flats. Class B are heavy-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds and hexagons. The steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace. The cast or heat analysis shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified. Tension test shall be made to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two classes, nine grades, and four conditions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel bars produced to mechanical property requirements. One class, B, is cold drawn with higher than normal (heavy) drafts to provide higher strength levels, and four grades provide improved machinability.
1.2 Supplementary Requirements, S1 through S6, of an optional nature are provided.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A311/A311M −04 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to
Mechanical Property Requirements
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA311/A311M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
1.1 This specification covers two classes, nine grades, and
2.2 Other Standard:
four conditions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel bars
SAE J1086 Numbering Metals and Alloys
producedtomechanicalpropertyrequirements.Oneclass,B,is
cold drawn with higher than normal (heavy) drafts to provide
3. Terminology
higher strength levels, and four grades provide improved
3.1 Definitions:
machinability.
3.1.1 stress relieving—heating to a suitable temperature,
1.2 Supplementary Requirements, S1 through S6, of an
holding long enough to reduce residual stresses, and then
optional nature are provided.
cooling slowly enough to minimize the development of new
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
residual stresses.
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
3.2.1 heavy draft—Using higher than normal drafts (ap-
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
proximately 10 % through 35 % reduction), followed by stress
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
relieving, produces higher tensile and yield strengths provided
used independently of the other, and values from the two
an appropriate composition is used; for example, medium
systems shall not be combined.
carbon with normal or higher manganese content.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Classification
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 The bars are furnished in the following classes and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
grades, and in the conditions shown in 6.4.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1.1 Class A—Normal-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
rounds, squares, hexagons, and flats in the following grades:
Grades UNS Designations
2. Referenced Documents
1018 G10180
2 1035 G10350
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1045 G10450
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
1050 G10500
1541 G15410
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
1117 G11170
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-
1137 G11370
Finished
1141 G11410
1144 G11440
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products 4.1.2 Class B—Heavy-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved
rounds and hexagons in the following grades:
Grade UNS Designations
1045 G10450
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
1050 G10500
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
1541 G15410
A01.15 on Bars.
1141 G11410
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally
1144 G11440
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A311/A311M – 04
(2015). DOI: 10.1520/A0311_A0311M-04R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
the ASTM website. New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J1086.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A311/A311M − 04 (2020)
5. Ordering Information 6.2.2 Class B bars shall be cold drawn using heavy (higher
than normal) drafting practices.
5.1 Orders for material under this specification should
include the following information as required to adequately
6.3 Thermal Treatment—After cold drawing, the bars shall
describe the desired material:
be stress relieved at a temperature of not less than 550 °F
5.1.1 Quantity (weight [mass] or number of pieces);
[288 °C] to meet the mechanical requirements specified in
5.1.2 Nameofmaterial(carbonsteelbars,colddrawn,stress
Table 2.
relieved);
6.4 Condition—The bars shall be furnished in the following
5.1.3 Condition 8.3;
cold finish conditions, as specified:
5.1.4 Cross-sectional shape;
6.4.1 Cold drawn, stress relieved;
5.1.5 Size;
5.1.6 Length; 6.4.2 Cold drawn, stress relieved, turned, and polished;
5.1.7 Class and grade;
6.4.3 Cold drawn, stress relieved, turned, ground, and pol-
5.1.8 Report of heat analysis, tensile properties Section 11;
ished; and
5.1.9 ASTM designation A311 or A311M;
6.4.4 Cold drawn, stress relieved, ground, and polished.
5.1.10 Application;
5.1.11 Leaded steel, when required (see Table 1, footnote NOTE 2—When turned bars are specified, turning may be performed
prior to cold-drawing.
A);
5.1.12 Supplementary requirements, if any; and
7. Chemical Composition
5.1.13 Additional requirements, if any.
7.1 Composition—Thecastorheatanalysisshallconformto
NOTE 1—Atypical ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb carbon
steel bars, cold drawn, stress relieved turned and polished, round 2.0 in. the chemical composition requirements specified in Table 1 for
[50.8 mm] Diameter, 10 ft to 12 ft [3048 mm to 3658 mm] long, Class B,
the grade ordered.
Grade 1050, (UNS G 10500), fine grain, test reports required, ASTM
A311/A311M dated____, hydraulic cylinder piston rods. [5000 kg carbon
8. Mechanical Properties
steel bars, cold drawn, stress relieved turned and polished round 50 mm
diameter, 3050 mm to 3650 mm long, Class B, Grade 1050 (UNS G
8.1 Requirements—The bars shall conform to the require-
10500), fine grain, test reports required, ASTM A311M dated ____,
ments listed in Table 2.
hydraulic cylinder piston rods.]
8.2 Number of Tests—Atleastonetensiontestshallbemade
6. Materials and Manufacture
on each lot.Alot shall consist of bars of the same size from the
6.1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be made by one or
same heat which have been stress relieved in the same
more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-
stationary furnace charge. For continuous type of treatment, a
oxygen, or electric-furnace. The primary melting may incor-
lot shall consist of 25 tons [25 mg] or less of the same size of
porate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by
each heat, treated in the same cycle.
secondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum arc
8.3 Specimens—Tension test specimens shall be taken lon-
remelting. Where secondary melting is employed, the heat
gitudinally in accordance with and from the locations specified
shall be defined as all of the ingots remelted from a single
in Test Methods and Definitions A370.
primary heat.
8.4 Test Methods—Tension tests shall be made in accor-
6.2 Cold Working:
dance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. The yield
6.2.1 ClassAbarsshallbecolddrawnusingnormaldrafting
strength shall be determined at 0.2 % offset or at 0.005 in./in.
practices.
[0.005 mm/mm] of gage length, total extension under load.
A
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Cast or Heat Analysis)
Phos-
UNS Carbon, Manga- 9.1 Surface Finish—Unless otherwise specified, the bars
Grade phorus, Sulfur, %
Designation % nese, %
max % shallhaveacommercialbrightsmoothsurfacefinishconsistent
with the cold finishing operations specified in 6.4.
G10180 1018 0.15–0.20 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 max
G10350 1035 0.32–0.38 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 max
G10450 1045 0.43–0.50 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 max 9.2 Bars that are thermal treated after cold finishing may
G10500 1050 0.48–0.55 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 max
have a discolored or oxidized surface.
G15410 1541 0.36–0.44 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.050
...
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