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ASTM C664-10(2020)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Diffusion Coating

Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Diffusion Coating

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 A diffusion coating is one produced by causing an element or elements to react with or diffuse into, or both, the surface of a metallic substrate, thus chemically altering the substrate adjacent to the surface. To appreciate the significance of coating thickness measurements one must understand the contributions to a particular coating of solid-solution zones in the substrate and reaction products such as intermetallic compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for measuring the thickness of diffusion coatings.  
1.2 Test Method A is the determination of the dimensional-change thickness, defined as the difference in the thickness of the part before and after coating. (The terms micrometer thickness and part growth are considered synonymous with dimensional change thickness.)  
1.3 Test Method B is the determination of total coating thickness, defined as the distance between the observably unaffected substrate and the exterior surface of the coating. This includes the total of all included phases, zones and layers. (The term case depth is considered to be synonymous with total coating thickness.) The total coating thickness is determined by cross-sectioning the coating, preparing a metallurgical mount and microscopically measuring the coating thickness.  
1.4 The total coating thickness as determined microscopically from a cross-section will usually be greater than, or equal to, the dimensional change thickness determined by part growth. When the coating is produced primarily by reaction with the substrate, the substrate-coating interface recedes as the substrate is consumed in the reaction. In such cases the difference between the total coating thickness and the dimensional change thickness is the thickness of the substrate consumed.  
1.5 Diffusion coatings are usually formed at elevated temperatures for service at elevated temperatures. This means that diffusion coatings are dynamic systems which are continually undergoing changes while in an elevated-temperature environment. It is necessary to know that certain phases are growing at the expense of others and to know the previous history of a coating to understand the significance of coating thickness data.  
1.6 Values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2020
ICS
17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.12 - Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E3-01(2007)e1 - Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Refers
ASTM E3-01(2007) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Refers
ASTM E3-01 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001
Refers
ASTM E3-95 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001
Refers
ASTM D374-99(2004) - Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)
Effective Date
10-Mar-1999
Refers
ASTM D374-99 - Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Mar-1999

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ASTM C664-10(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Diffusion CoatingASTM C664-10(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Diffusion Coating
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ASTM C664-10(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Diffusion Coating
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C664 − 10 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Methods for
Thickness of Diffusion Coating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C664; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Diffusion coating is a thermally activated means of protecting certain iron, nickel, and cobalt based
alloys against severe operating conditions. It creates a chemically bonded, tenacious coating that acts
as a diffusion barrier against oxygen and other elements into the substrate to provide superior
oxidation, corrosion and erosion resistance up to 2100°F (1150°C). It is commonly used for gas
turbine components, power generation components, and diesel engines. This test procedure provides
a mean of determining the thickness of a diffusion coating.
1. Scope diffusion coatings are dynamic systems which are continually
undergoing changes while in an elevated-temperature environ-
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for measuring
ment.Itisnecessarytoknowthatcertainphasesaregrowingat
the thickness of diffusion coatings.
the expense of others and to know the previous history of a
1.2 Test MethodAis the determination of the dimensional-
coating to understand the significance of coating thickness
change thickness, defined as the difference in the thickness of
data.
the part before and after coating. (The terms micrometer
1.6 Values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
thickness and part growth are considered synonymous with
Inch-pound units are provided for information only.
dimensional change thickness.)
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 Test Method B is the determination of total coating
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
thickness, defined as the distance between the observably
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
unaffected substrate and the exterior surface of the coating.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
This includes the total of all included phases, zones and layers.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(Thetermcasedepthisconsideredtobesynonymouswithtotal
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
coatingthickness.)Thetotalcoatingthicknessisdeterminedby
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cross-sectioning the coating, preparing a metallurgical mount
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and microscopically measuring the coating thickness.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.4 The total coating thickness as determined microscopi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
callyfromacross-sectionwillusuallybegreaterthan,orequal
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to, the dimensional change thickness determined by part
2. Referenced Documents
growth. When the coating is produced primarily by reaction
withthesubstrate,thesubstrate-coatinginterfacerecedesasthe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
substrate is consumed in the reaction. In such cases the
D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
difference between the total coating thickness and the dimen-
lation (Metric) D0374_D0374M
sional change thickness is the thickness of the substrate
E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
consumed.
3. Significance and Use
1.5 Diffusion coatings are usually formed at elevated tem-
3.1 A diffusion coating is one produced by causing an
peratures for service at elevated temperatures. This means that
element or elements to react with or diffuse into, or both, the
surface of a metallic substrate, thus chemically altering the
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
Metallic and Inorganic Coatingsand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B08.12 on Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1970.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2015asC664–10(2015).DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0664-10R20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C664 − 10 (2020)
substrate adjacent to the surface.To appreciate the significance 5.2.3 UsethestandardtechniquesdetailedinPracticeE3for
of coating thickness measurements one must understand the mounting and polishing of the metallurgical specimen.
contributions to a particular coating of solid-solution zones in 5.2.4 The etching procedure, if required, shall be in general
the substrate and reaction products such as intermetallic accordance with Practice E3. The specific etchant and etch
compounds. time, if employed, will be by mutual agreement between the
customer and vendor. The etching procedure will clearly
4. Test Method A
demark the boundaries of the coating as well as properly
differentiate included zones, if it is desirable to measure their
4.1 Apparatus—The instrument shall be a machinist’s type
thickness as well.
micrometer without a locking device. If calibrated in inches, it
5.2.5 Measure the total coating thickness microscopically
shall be constructed with a vernier reading to 0.0001in.
with the
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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5.1 The thickness of a coating is often critical to its performance. For most nonferrous coatings on steel, the magnetic method is reliable for measuring coating thickness nondestructively and is suitable for specification acceptance testing and SPC/SQC applications.  
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1.1 This test method covers the use of magnetic instruments for the nondestructive measurement of the thickness of nonmagnetic coatings over ferrous or other magnetic base metals. It is intended to supplement manufacturers’ instructions for the operation of the instruments and is not intended to replace them.
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4.1 Coating thickness is an important factor in the performance of a coating in service and is usually specified in a coating specification.  
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1.1 This test method covers measurement of the local thickness of metal and oxide coatings by the microscopical examination of cross sections using an optical microscope.  
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1.2.1 Optical microscopes may use digital image capture devices and software to evaluate those images.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (This is especially applicable to the chemicals cited in Table X2.1.)  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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