ASTM C113-14(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Refractory brick and shapes of different compositions exhibit unique permanent linear changes after heating or reheating. This test method provides a standard procedure for heating various classes of refractories with appropriate heating schedules.
3.2 Linear reheat changes obtained by this test method are suitable for use in research and development, also often used to establish written specifications between producers and consumers.
3.3 Care should be exercised in selecting samples that are representative of the product being tested and that the schedule selected is appropriate to the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the permanent linear change of refractory brick when heated under prescribed conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: Test methods incorporating additional provisions pertinent to specific refractory materials are given in the following Test Methods: C179, C210, and C605.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Oct-2019
- Technical Committee
- C08 - Refractories
- Drafting Committee
- C08.03 - Physical Properties
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2014
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2014
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2011
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2011
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2005
Overview
ASTM C113-14(2019), titled Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick, is an international standard developed by ASTM International. This test method details a standardized procedure for determining the permanent linear change of refractory brick after heating under specific conditions. The standard ensures uniformity in testing for various classes of refractories, supporting research, product specifications, and quality agreements between refractory brick producers and consumers.
Understanding reheat change in refractory products is crucial for industries that operate high-temperature equipment such as furnaces, kilns, and incinerators. This standard plays a key role in qualifying refractory materials by assessing their dimensional stability after exposure to high temperatures.
Key Topics
- Permanent Linear Change: The main focus is the change in linear dimensions of refractory bricks after being subjected to controlled heating and subsequent cooling, often termed “reheat change.”
- Heating Schedules: ASTM C113 provides guidance on appropriate time-temperature profiles for different types of refractory bricks, ensuring relevant and repeatable results.
- Specimen Preparation: Directions for the selection and preparation of test specimens that accurately represent the batch or product being evaluated.
- Measurement Procedures: Instructions for measuring brick dimensions before and after reheat using precise devices, helping detect even slight dimensional changes.
- Test Conditions: The standard describes kiln setups, temperature monitoring, and atmospheric controls required to obtain consistent and accurate measurements.
- Data Reporting: Calculation methods and reporting criteria to communicate the percent reheat change clearly.
Applications
ASTM C113-14(2019) is widely used in multiple sectors where refractory bricks must withstand repeated high-temperature cycles. Its practical applications include:
- Research and Development: Used by R&D teams to study how new refractory compositions behave under reheat conditions.
- Quality Assurance: Enables manufacturers and consumers to set acceptance criteria based on standardized testing, improving confidence in material performance.
- Product Comparisons: Facilitates head-to-head comparisons of refractory bricks from different sources or batches.
- Specification Compliance: Assists in drafting material purchasing agreements that require documented performance via standardized reheat change testing.
- Troubleshooting: Helps identify and resolve problems related to brick expansion or contraction in service, which can impact the structural integrity of furnaces and related equipment.
Related Standards
For more specialized testing or allied properties, consider these related ASTM standards:
- ASTM C179: Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens.
- ASTM C210: Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick.
- ASTM C605: Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Fireclay Nozzles and Sleeves.
- ASTM C134: Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick.
- ASTM E230/E230M: Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples.
By following ASTM C113-14(2019), stakeholders in the refractory industry ensure accurate, repeatable, and internationally recognized assessment of reheat change for refractory bricks, supporting quality control and optimal performance in high-temperature environments.
Keywords: ASTM C113, reheat change, refractory brick, high-temperature testing, linear change, furnace materials, dimensional stability, heating schedule, refractory standards, quality assurance.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM C113-14(2019) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Refractory brick and shapes of different compositions exhibit unique permanent linear changes after heating or reheating. This test method provides a standard procedure for heating various classes of refractories with appropriate heating schedules. 3.2 Linear reheat changes obtained by this test method are suitable for use in research and development, also often used to establish written specifications between producers and consumers. 3.3 Care should be exercised in selecting samples that are representative of the product being tested and that the schedule selected is appropriate to the product. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the permanent linear change of refractory brick when heated under prescribed conditions. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Note 1: Test methods incorporating additional provisions pertinent to specific refractory materials are given in the following Test Methods: C179, C210, and C605. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Refractory brick and shapes of different compositions exhibit unique permanent linear changes after heating or reheating. This test method provides a standard procedure for heating various classes of refractories with appropriate heating schedules. 3.2 Linear reheat changes obtained by this test method are suitable for use in research and development, also often used to establish written specifications between producers and consumers. 3.3 Care should be exercised in selecting samples that are representative of the product being tested and that the schedule selected is appropriate to the product. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the permanent linear change of refractory brick when heated under prescribed conditions. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Note 1: Test methods incorporating additional provisions pertinent to specific refractory materials are given in the following Test Methods: C179, C210, and C605. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C113-14(2019) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 81.080 - Refractories. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM C113-14(2019) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM C113-14, ASTM C210-95(2024), ASTM E230/E230M-23a, ASTM E230/E230M-23, ASTM C210-95(2019), ASTM C179-14(2019), ASTM C179-14, ASTM C210-95(2014), ASTM C179-11, ASTM E230/E230M-11, ASTM E230/E230M-11e1, ASTM C134-95(2010), ASTM C179-09, ASTM C210-95(2007)e1, ASTM C134-95(2005). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM C113-14(2019) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C113 − 14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C113; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope and Sleeves (Withdrawn 1997)
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perma-
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
nent linear change of refractory brick when heated under
prescribed conditions.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1 Refractory brick and shapes of different compositions
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
exhibit unique permanent linear changes after heating or
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
reheating. This test method provides a standard procedure for
and are not considered standard.
heating various classes of refractories with appropriate heating
schedules.
NOTE 1—Test methods incorporating additional provisions pertinent to
specific refractory materials are given in the following Test Methods:
3.2 Linear reheat changes obtained by this test method are
C179, C210, and C605.
suitable for use in research and development, also often used to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
establish written specifications between producers and con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sumers.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3 Care should be exercised in selecting samples that are
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
representative of the product being tested and that the schedule
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
selected is appropriate to the product.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Apparatus
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 Kiln, of such design that the specified heating schedule
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and atmosphere can be maintained throughout the heating
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
zone.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 Linear Measuring Device, capable of being read to
2. Referenced Documents
0.02 in. (0.5 mm) over a span of 10 in. (254 mm).Ahook-rule,
as specified in Test Methods C134, a vernier caliper, or a dial
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, gage device may be used.
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
4.3 Gas Sampling and Analysis Equipment, capable of
Firebrick
determining the percent free oxygen and total combustibles in
C179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of
the atmosphere of the test chamber.
Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
C210 TestMethodforReheatChangeofInsulatingFirebrick 5. Test Specimens
C605 Test Method for Reheat Change of Fireclay Nozzles
5.1 For each test use three rectangular specimens measuring
1 1
9by4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 or 3 in. (228 by 114 by 64 or 76 mm) in size,
or, if smaller, shapes approaching these dimensions as closely
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
as possible. These may be commercial brick of the specified
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties. size or test pieces cut out of larger shapes.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
5.2 Using ceramic paint or crayon, label each specimen, and
approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C113 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/C0113-14R19. make a reference mark at each end on the center line of a broad
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C113 − 14 (2019)
face to indicate the exact position where the measurement is refractory being tested as shown in Table 1. Adjust the firing
made. Measure the length on each of the three test specimens during the hold period so that the temperatures will average the
to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm). specified temperature within 5 °F (3 °C). After completion of
the heating schedule, cool the specimens in the closed kiln to
6. Procedure
below 800 °F (425 °C) before removing.
6.1 Placing Specimens in Kiln—Place the test specimens in
6.5 Measuring Fired Specimens—Remeasure the test speci-
the kiln so that each rests edgewise, that is, ona9by2 ⁄2 or
mens at room temperature in accordance with 4.2 after rubbing
3-in. (228 by 64 or 76-mm) face and set only one course high.
the ends with an abrasive block to remove small blisters, if
Place each specimen upon the corresponding face of a support-
necessary.
ing brick that is from the same lot as the test specimen or at
...
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