ASTM D5972-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)
Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocarbon crystals. These crystals can restrict the flow of fuel through the fuel system of the aircraft. The temperature of the fuel in the aircraft tank normally decreases during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point of the fuel must always be lower than the minimum operational fuel temperature.
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the freezing point.
5.3 This test method produces results which have been found to be equivalent to Test Method D2386 and expresses results to the nearest 0.1 °C, with improved precision over Test Method D2386. This test method also eliminates most of the operator time and judgment required by Test Method D2386.
5.4 When specification requires Test Method D2386, do not substitute this test method or any other test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals form in aviation turbine fuels.
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature range of −80 °C to 20 °C; however, 2003 Joint ASTM/IP Interlaboratory Cooperative Test Program mentioned in 12.4 has only demonstrated the test method with fuels having freezing points in the range of −42 °C to −60 °C.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.3, and 7.5.
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Designation: D5972 − 15
Designation:435/12
Standard Test Method for
Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase
1
Transition Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 automatic phase transition method, n—in this test
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-
method, the procedures of automatically cooling a liquid
perature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals form in
aviation fuel specimen until solid hydrocarbon crystals appear,
aviation turbine fuels.
followed by controlled warming and recording of the tempera-
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature
ture at which the solid hydrocarbon crystals completely redis-
range of −80°C to 20°C; however, 2003 Joint ASTM/IP
solve into the liquid phase.
Interlaboratory Cooperative Test Program mentioned in 12.4
3.2.2 Peltier device, n—a solid-state thermoelectric device
has only demonstrated the test method with fuels having
constructed with dissimilar semiconductor materials, config-
freezing points in the range of −42°C to −60°C.
ured in such a way that it will transfer heat to and away from
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
a test specimen dependent on the direction of electric current
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
applied to the device.
standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Aspecimeniscooledatarateof15°C⁄min 65°C⁄min
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by a Peltier device while continuously being illuminated by a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
light source. The specimen is continuously monitored by an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific array of optical detectors for the first formation of solid
hydrocarbon crystals. Once the hydrocarbon crystals are
warning statements, see 7.1, 7.3, and 7.5.
formed, the specimen is then warmed at a rate of 10°C⁄min +
2. Referenced Documents
0.5°C⁄min until the last hydrocarbon crystals return to the
2
liquid phase. The detectors are sufficient in number to ensure
2.1 ASTM Standards:
that any solid hydrocarbon crystals are detected.The specimen
D2386Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
temperatureatwhichthelasthydrocarboncrystalsreturntothe
3. Terminology
liquid phase is recorded as the freezing point.
3.1 Definitions:
5. Significance and Use
3.1.1 freezing point, n—in aviation fuels, the fuel tempera-
5.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest
ture at which solid hydrocarbon crystals, formed on cooling,
temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocar-
disappear when the temperature of the fuel is allowed to rise
boncrystals.Thesecrystalscanrestricttheflowoffuelthrough
under specified conditions of test.
the fuel system of the aircraft. The temperature of the fuel in
theaircrafttanknormallydecreasesduringflightdependingon
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
ofthefuelmustalwaysbelowerthantheminimumoperational
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published January 2016. Originally fuel temperature.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5972–05 (2010).
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measure-
DOI: 10.1520/D5972-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or ment of the freezing point.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 This test method produces results which have been
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. found to be equivalent to Test Method D2386 and expresses
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5972 − 15
resultstothenearest0.1°C,withimprovedprecisionoverTest 7.4 Pipette, capable of dispensing 0.15mL 6 0.01mL of
Method D2386. This test method also eliminates most of the sample.
operato
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5972 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) D5972 − 15
Designation: 435/12
Standard Test Method for
Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase
1
Transition Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals form in aviation
turbine fuels.
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature range of −80−80 °C to 20°C;20 °C; however, 2003 Joint ASTM / IP
ASTM/IP Interlaboratory Cooperative Test Program mentioned in 12.4 has only demonstrated the test method with fuels having
freezing points in the range of −42−42 °C to −60°C.−60 °C.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.3, and 7.5.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 freezing point, n—in aviation fuels, the fuel temperature at which solid hydrocarbon crystals, formed on cooling, disappear
when the temperature of the fuel is allowed to rise under specified conditions of test.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 automatic phase transition method, n—in this test method, the procedures of automatically cooling a liquid aviation fuel
specimen until solid hydrocarbon crystals appear, followed by controlled warming and recording of the temperature at which the
solid hydrocarbon crystals completely redissolve into the liquid phase.
3.2.2 Peltier device, n—a solid-state thermoelectric device constructed with dissimilar semiconductor materials, configured in
such a way that it will transfer heat to and away from a test specimen dependent on the direction of electric current applied to the
device.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen is cooled at a rate of 1515 °C ⁄min 6 5°C/min5 °C ⁄min by a Peltier device while continuously being illuminated
by a light source. The specimen is continuously monitored by an array of optical detectors for the first formation of solid
hydrocarbon crystals. Once the hydrocarbon crystals are formed, the specimen is then warmed at a rate of 1010 °C ⁄min +
0.5°C/min0.5 °C ⁄min until the last hydrocarbon crystals return to the liquid phase. The detectors are sufficient in number to ensure
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2015. Published May 2010 January 2016. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
ε1
D5972D5972 – 05 (2010).–05 . DOI: 10.1520/D5972-05R10.10.1520/D5972-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5972 − 15
that any solid hydrocarbon crystals are detected. The specimen temperature at which the last hydrocarbon crystals return to the
liquid phase is recorded as the freezing point.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocarbon crystals.
These crystals can restrict the flow of fuel through the fuel system of the aircraft. The temperature of the fuel in the aircraft tank
normally decreases during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freez
...
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