ASTM D7496-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsified asphalts because it is a property which affects their utility. When used in application types of construction, the material must be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spray bar of distributor, yet thick enough so that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsions, the viscosity may affect mixability and resulting thickness of film on the aggregate. The viscosity of many emulsified asphalts is affected by shear. Therefore, strict adherence to test procedure is necessary to achieve precision.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method utilizes the Saybolt Furol viscometer to measure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D977 and D2397/D2397M.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noncompliance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Nov-2018
- Technical Committee
- D04 - Road and Paving Materials
- Drafting Committee
- D04.42 - Emulsified Asphalt Test
Relations
- Replaces
ASTM D7496-17 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer - Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2012
Overview
ASTM D7496-18, "Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer," provides a precise methodology for determining the viscosity of emulsified asphalt using the Saybolt Furol viscometer. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is critical in evaluating the consistency of emulsified asphalts, which directly impacts their application and performance in road construction and maintenance. The viscosity of emulsified asphalt influences not only the sprayability and adherence to road substrates but also ensures a thorough and controlled application, preventing undesirable flow or runoff.
Key Topics
- Measurement Procedure: The standard outlines strict procedures for preparing and testing emulsified asphalt samples at standard temperatures (25°C [77°F] and 50°C [122°F]) using the Saybolt Furol viscometer.
- Sample Conditioning: Emphasizes the importance of homogenizing emulsified asphalt samples before testing, ensuring consistent and reliable results.
- Temperature Control: Specifies the use of water baths or ovens to maintain precise sample temperatures, crucial for accurate viscosity measurement.
- Apparatus Requirements: Details necessary equipment, including the Saybolt Furol viscometer, specific thermometers, sieves, and other glassware.
- Precision and Bias: Provides criteria for evaluating the repeatability and reproducibility of results across laboratories and operators.
- Safety Considerations: Outlines general precautions, particularly regarding the handling of mercury thermometers and compliance with health, safety, and environmental regulations.
Applications
The ASTM D7496-18 test method is widely used in the road and paving industry to ensure the quality and suitability of emulsified asphalts for various construction applications, including:
- Surface Treatments: Ensures emulsified asphalt can be uniformly applied through spray bars without excessive flow, promoting even coverage and optimal road surface performance.
- Mixing-Grade Emulsions: Determines whether the viscosity facilitates proper mixing with aggregates and results in an appropriate film thickness, which impacts pavement durability.
- Quality Control: Used by materials laboratories, manufacturers, and contractors to verify compliance with national and international specifications such as ASTM D977 and D2397/D2397M.
- Research and Development: Assists in developing new emulsified asphalt formulations by providing a standardized method for viscosity evaluation.
Related Standards
To achieve consistent and reliable results, ASTM D7496-18 references several related ASTM standards, including:
- ASTM D88: Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
- ASTM D977: Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
- ASTM D2397/D2397M: Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
- ASTM E1: Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
- ASTM E11: Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
- ASTM E1137/E1137M: Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
In summary, ASTM D7496-18 delivers an essential, standardized approach to evaluating emulsified asphalt viscosity, supporting quality control and performance assessment in the road construction industry. Adherence to this standard helps ensure that emulsified asphalts meet required specifications for safe, efficient, and durable infrastructure applications.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D7496-18 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsified asphalts because it is a property which affects their utility. When used in application types of construction, the material must be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spray bar of distributor, yet thick enough so that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsions, the viscosity may affect mixability and resulting thickness of film on the aggregate. The viscosity of many emulsified asphalts is affected by shear. Therefore, strict adherence to test procedure is necessary to achieve precision. SCOPE 1.1 This test method utilizes the Saybolt Furol viscometer to measure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D977 and D2397/D2397M. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noncompliance with the standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsified asphalts because it is a property which affects their utility. When used in application types of construction, the material must be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spray bar of distributor, yet thick enough so that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsions, the viscosity may affect mixability and resulting thickness of film on the aggregate. The viscosity of many emulsified asphalts is affected by shear. Therefore, strict adherence to test procedure is necessary to achieve precision. SCOPE 1.1 This test method utilizes the Saybolt Furol viscometer to measure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D977 and D2397/D2397M. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noncompliance with the standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D7496-18 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity; 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials; 93.080.20 - Road construction materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D7496-18 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D7496-17, ASTM D977-19ae1, ASTM D977-19a, ASTM D2397/D2397M-19a, ASTM D2397/D2397M-19, ASTM D977-19, ASTM D2397/D2397M-17, ASTM D977-17, ASTM D2397/D2397M-13, ASTM E11-13, ASTM D977-13, ASTM D977-13e1, ASTM E1-13, ASTM D88-07(2013), ASTM D977-12b. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D7496-18 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D7496 −18
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol
Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2397/D2397M Specification for Cationic Emulsified As-
phalt
1.1 ThistestmethodutilizestheSayboltFurolviscometerto
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
measure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
to all the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D977
Sieves
and D2397/D2397M.
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
tance Thermometers
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3. Significance and Use
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsified
values from the two systems may result in noncompliance with
asphalts because it is a property which affects their utility.
the standard.
When used in application types of construction, the material
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
must be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spray
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
bar of distributor, yet thick enough so that it will not flow from
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
the crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsions,
as requirements of the standard.
the viscosity may affect mixability and resulting thickness of
film on the aggregate. The viscosity of many emulsified
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
asphalts is affected by shear. Therefore, strict adherence to test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
procedure is necessary to achieve precision.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Sample Conditioning for Testing
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 All emulsified asphalts shall be properly stirred to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
achieve homogeneity before testing.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2 All emulsified asphalts with the viscosity testing re-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
quirementsof50 °C[122 °F]shallbeheatedto50 63 °C[122
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6 5 °F] in the original sample container in a water bath or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
oven. The container should be vented to relieve pressure.After
the sample reaches 50 6 3 °C [122 6 5 °F], stir the sample to
2. Referenced Documents
achieve homogeneity.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.3 Emulsified asphalts with viscosity testing requirements
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
to 25 °C [77 °F] should be mixed or stirred at 25 6 3 °C [77 6
D977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
5 °F] in the original sample container to achieve homogeneity.
NOTE 1—Emulsified asphalts with viscosity testing requirements of
25 °C [77 °F] may be heated and stirred as specified in 4.2, if necessary.
1 In the event the method described in 4.2 is used, the sample should be
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
cooled to 25 6 3 °C [77 6 5 °F] and stirred before testing.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.42 on
Emulsified Asphalt Test.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. Originally 5. Apparatus
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7496 – 17. DOI:
5.1 Viscometer—A Saybolt Furol viscometer conforming to
10.1520/D7496-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or the requirements specified in Test Method D88.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 Sieve—An 850-µm sieve or a 20-mesh strainer of wire
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cloth, framed or unframed. Refer to Specification E11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7496−18
5.3 Thermometers—One of the following: Place the sealed bottle into a water bath maintained at 25 °C
5.3.1 ASTM No. 17C or 17F for tests at 25 °C [77 °F] and [77 °F] for 30 min. Remove the bottle from the bath and mix
ASTM No. 19C or 19F for tests at 50 °C [122 °F], conforming the sample by inverting the bottle several times slowly enough
to the requirements of Specification E1. to avoid bubble formation. Pour the sample into the viscometer
5.3.2 Aplatinumresistancethermometer(PRT)withaprobe through the 850-µm sieve or 20-mesh strainer until it is above
which conforms to the requirements of Specification E1137/ the overflow rim. Stir the emulsified asphalt in the viscometer
E1137M, readable to 0.1 °C [0.2 °F]. The PRT shall have a at 60 revolutions per minute with the thermometric device,
three or four-wire connection configuration and the overall avoiding bubble formation. Adjust the viscometer bath tem-
sheath length shall be at least 50 mm [2 in.] greater than the perature until the emulsified asphalt temperature remains
immersion depth. constant for 1 min at 25 6 0.1 °C [77 6 0.2 °F]. Withdraw the
5.3.3 A metal-sheathed thermistor with a sensor similar in thermometric device. Quickly remove the excess of emulsified
construction to the PRT described in 5.3.2, readable to 0.1 °C asphalt from the gallery with a suction pipet or a vacuum hose.
[0.2 °F]. Determine the viscosity as described in Test Method D88.
Report the results to the nearest full second.
5.4 WaterBathorOven,capableofmaintainingtherequired
testing temperature within the limits specified in Section 7.
7.2 Tests at 50 °C [122 °F]—Clean and dry the viscometer
and insert the stopper or cork. Follow either Procedure A or B
5.5 Receiving Flask, as shown in Test Method D88.
below:
5.6 Beaker—A 400-mL glass beaker.
7.2.1 Procedure A—If the sample of emulsified asphalt is
5.7 Bottle—A bottle of approximately 120-mL capacity.
cooler than 50 °C [122 °F], heat the sample to 50 6 3 °C [122
6 5 °F] in a 71 6 3 °C [160 6 5 °F] water bath or oven. Stir
6. Hazards
the sample thoroughly without incorporating bubbles, and then
pour approximately 100 mL into a 400-mL glass beaker.
6.1 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the EP
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7496 − 17 D7496 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol
Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method utilizes the Saybolt Furol viscometer to measure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to
all the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D977 and D2397D2397/D2397M.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are
included in this separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noncompliance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
D2397D2397/D2397M Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsified asphalts because it is a property which affects their utility. When used
in application types of construction, the material must be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spray bar of distributor,
yet thick enough so that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsions, the viscosity may affect
mixibilitymixability and resulting thickness of film on the aggregate. The viscosity of many emulsified asphalts is affected by shear.
Therefore, strict adherence to test procedure is necessary to achieve precision.
4. Sample Conditioning for Testing
4.1 All emulsified asphalts shall be properly stirred to achieve homogeneity before testing.
4.2 All emulsified asphalts with the viscosity testing requirements of 50 °C [122 °F] shall be heated to 50 6 3 °C [122 6 5 °F]
in the original sample container in a water bath or oven. The container should be vented to relieve pressure. After the sample
reaches 50 6 3 °C, 3 °C [122 6 5 °F], stir the sample to achieve homogeneity.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.42 on Emulsified
Asphalt Test.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2018. Published September 2017January 2019. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20112017
as D7496 – 11.D7496 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D7496-17.10.1520/D7496-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7496 − 18
4.3 Emulsified asphalts with a viscosity testing requirements to 25 °C [77 °F] should be mixed or stirred at 25 6 3 °C [77 6
5 °F] in the original sample container to achieve homogeneity.
NOTE 1—Emulsified asphalts with viscosity testing requirements of 25 °C [77 °F] may be heated and stirred as specified in 4.2, if necessary. In the
event the method described in 4.2 is used, the sample should be cooled to 25 6 3 °C [77 6 5 °F] and stirred before testing.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Viscometer—A Saybolt Furol viscometer conforming to the requirements specified in Test Method D88.
5.2 Sieve—An 850-μm sieve or a 20-mesh strainer of wire cloth, framed or unframed. Refer to Specification E11.
5.3 Thermometers—One of the following:
5.3.1 ASTM No. 17C or 17F for tests at 25 °C [77 °F] and ASTM No. 19C or 19F for tests at 50 °C, 50 °C [122 °F], conforming
to the requirements of Specification E1.
5.3.2 A platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) with a probe which conforms to the requirements of Specification
E1137/E1137M, readable to 0.1 °C. 0.1 °C [0.2 °F]. The PRT shall have a 3three or 4 wire four-wire connection configuration and
the overall sheath length shall be at least 50 mm [2 in.] greater than the immersion depth.
5.3.3 A metal-sheathed thermistor with a sensor similar in construction to the PRT described in 5.3.2, readable to 0.1 °C.0.1 °C
[0.2 °F].
5.4 Water Bath or Oven, capable of maintaining the required testing temperature within the limits specified in Section 7.
5.5 Receiving Flask, as shown in Test Method D88.
5.6 Beaker—A 400-mL glass beaker.
5.7 Bottle—A bottle of approximately 120-mL capacity.
6. Hazards
6.1 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product SDS (Safety Data
Sheet)/MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for details and the EPA’s website (www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional
information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products (or both) in your state may be prohibited
by state law.
7. Procedure
7.1 Tests at 25 °C—25 °C [77 °F]—Clean and dry the viscometer and insert the stopper or cork. Follow either Procedure A or
B below:
7.1.1 Procedure A—Pour approximately 100 mL of the emulsified asphalt into a 400-mL glass beaker. Immerse bottom of the
beaker containing the emulsified asphalt approximately 50 mm [2 in.] below the level of a 25 °C [77 °F] water bath. Hold the
beaker upright and stir the emulsified asphalt with a wide circular motion at a rate of 60 revolutions per minute with the
thermometric device to obtain uniform temperature distribution. dist
...
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