ASTM D1746-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Transparency of Plastic Sheeting
Standard Test Method for Transparency of Plastic Sheeting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The attribute of clarity of a sheet, measured by its ability to transmit image-forming light, correlates with its regular transmittance. Sensitivity to differences improves with decreasing incident beam- and receptor-angle. If the angular width of the incident beam and of the receptor aperture (as seen from the specimen position) are of the order of 0.1° or less, sheeting of commercial interest have a range of transparency of about 10 to 90 % as measured by this test. Results obtained by the use of this test method are greatly influenced by the design parameters of the instruments; for example, the resolution is largely determined by the angular width of the receptor aperture. Caution should therefore be exercised in comparing results obtained from different instruments, especially for samples with low regular transmittance.
4.2 Regular transmittance data in accordance with this test method correlate with the property commonly known as “see-through,” which is rated subjectively by the effect of a hand-held specimen on an observer's ability to distinguish clearly a relatively distant target. This correlation is poor for highly diffusing materials because of interference of scattered light in the visual test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the transparency of plastic sheeting in terms of regular transmittance (Tr). Although generally applicable to any translucent or transparent material, it is principally intended for use with nominally clear and colorless thin sheeting.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
Note 2: For additional information, see Terminology E284 and Practice E1164.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1746 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Transparency of Plastic Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1746; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the trans-
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-
parency of plastic sheeting in terms of regular transmittance
Color Evaluation
(T ). Although generally applicable to any translucent or
r
E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of
transparent material, it is principally intended for use with
Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
nominally clear and colorless thin sheeting.
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
E1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spec-
only.
trophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1 Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with Terminology D883 and E284, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues,
NOTE 2—For additional information, see Terminology E284 and Prac-
the terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with
tice E1164.
Terminology E456.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Significance and Use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 The attribute of clarity of a sheet, measured by its ability
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
to transmit image-forming light, correlates with its regular
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
transmittance. Sensitivity to differences improves with de-
creasing incident beam- and receptor-angle. If the angular
2. Referenced Documents
width of the incident beam and of the receptor aperture (as seen
2
from the specimen position) are of the order of 0.1° or less,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sheeting of commercial interest have a range of transparency of
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
about 10 to 90 % as measured by this test. Results obtained by
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
the use of this test method are greatly influenced by the design
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
parameters of the instruments; for example, the resolution is
of Transparent Plastics
largely determined by the angular width of the receptor
E284 Terminology of Appearance
aperture. Caution should therefore be exercised in comparing
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
results obtained from different instruments, especially for
samples with low regular transmittance.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
4.2 Regular transmittance data in accordance with this test
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties.
method correlate with the property commonly known as
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
“see-through,” which is rated subjectively by the effect of a
in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1746 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/
D1746-23.
hand-held specimen on an observer’s ability to distinguish
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
clearly a relatively distant target. This correlation is poor for
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
highly diffusing materials because of interference of scattered
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. light in the visual test.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1746 − 15 D1746 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Transparency of Plastic Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1746; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the transparency of plastic sheeting in terms of regular transmittance (T ).
r
Although generally applicable to any translucent or transparent material, it is principally intended for use with nominally clear and
colorless thin sheeting.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
NOTE 2—For additional information, see Terminology E284 and Practice E1164.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015July 1, 2023. Published April 2015July 2023. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
D1746 – 09.D1746 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D1746-15.10.1520/D1746-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D1746 − 23
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms Terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies standard are defined in accordance with
Terminology D883, and E284, and unless otherwise specified. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the
terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology E1316E456.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The attribute of clarity of a sheet, measured by its ability to transmit image-forming light, correlates with its regular
transmittance. Sensitivity to differences improves with decreasing incident beam- and receptor-angle. If the angular width of the
incident beam and of the receptor aperture (as seen from the specimen position) are of the order of 0.1° or less, sheeting of
commercial interest have a range of transparency of about 10 to 90 % as measured by this test. Results obtained by the use of this
test method are greatly influenced by the design parameters of the instruments; for example, the resolution is largely determined
by the angular width of the receptor aperture. Caution should therefore be exercised in comparing
...
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