ASTM E253-11a

Standard Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2011
• ICS: 01.040.67 - Food technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 67.240 - Sensory analysis
• Technical Committee: E18 - Sensory Evaluation
• Drafting Committee: E18.01 - Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E253-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM E253-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E2454-20 - Standard Guide for Sensory Evaluation Methods to Determine Sensory Shelf Life of Consumer Products
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E3041-17 - Standard Guide for Selecting and Using Scales for Sensory Evaluation
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2299-13(2021) - Standard Guide for Sensory Evaluation of Products by Children and Minors
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2609-08(2022) - Standard Test Method for Odor or Flavor Transfer or Both from Rigid Polymeric Packaging
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1871-17 - Standard Guide for Serving Protocol for Sensory Evaluation of Foods and Beverages
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1810-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Odor and Taste of Fish Suspected of Contamination
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E3313-23 - Standard Guide for Communication of Assessor and Panel Performance
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E3009-23 - Standard Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Tetrad Test
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2262-03(2020) - Standard Practice for Estimating Thurstonian Discriminal Distances
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2082-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo Performance
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D6273-20 - Standard Test Method for Natural Gas Odor Intensity
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2346/E2346M-15(2022)e1 - Standard Guide for Sensory Evaluation of Household Hard Surface-Cleaning Products with Emphasis on Spray Triggers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1885-18 - Standard Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Triangle Test
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E253–11a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E253; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents 3, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a
2 criterion by which they are required to select one stimulus.
1.1 ASTM Standards:
(2008)
E284 Terminology of Appearance
DISCUSSION—Typicalexamplesinclude2-AFC(directionaldifference
2. Terminology
test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that
differs in a defined attribute).
absolute judgment, n—an evaluation of a stimulus made
without direct comparison to other stimuli. (2007)
anchoring point, n—a reference point against which other
acceptability/unacceptability, n—degree to which a stimulus
items are judged. (1996)
is judged to be favorable or unfavorable. (2006)
anosmia, n—lack of sensitivity to odor stimuli. (1996)
acuity, n—the ability to detect or discriminate sensory stimuli.
A–not-A test, n—a method of discrimination testing com-
(2007)
prised of at least two samples; at least one sample is a
adaptation, sensory, n—a decrease in sensitivity to a given
previously identified sample (“A”) and at least one is a test
stimulus which occurs as a result of exposure to that
sample.All samples are presented blindly, and the assessor’s
stimulus. (2006)
task is to assign the label “A” or “not-A” to each of the
affective test, n—any method to assess acceptance, liking,
samples. (2001)
preference, or emotions for a stimulus or stimuli. (2008)
antagonism, n—joint action of two or more stimuli whose
after effects, n—total array of sensations that occur after
combination elicits a level of sensation lower than that
removal of the stimulus from the sensing field (for example,
expected from combining the effects of each stimulus taken
with foods) or after application of the stimulus (for example,
separately. (1996)
with non-foods). (2008)
aroma, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfactory
after feel, n—feel of the skin after application of a sample,
receptors; in a broader sense, the term is sometimes used to
with or without touching, usually measured at a specified
refer to the combination of sensations resulting from stimu-
time point. (2008)
lation of the entire nasal cavity. (1996)
aftertaste, n—the oral or nasal sensations that occur after the
DISCUSSION—Aroma, odor, and smell have the same basic meaning;
stimulus has been removed from the oral cavity. See after
however, in common usage they may have different connotations.
effects. (2007)
aromatic, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfac-
aguesia, n—lack of sensitivity to taste stimuli. (1996)
alternative forced choice (AFC), n—method in which 2, 3, or tory receptors retronasally. (2010)
assessor, n—a general term for any individual responding to
more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a
criterion by which they are required to select one stimulus. stimuli in a sensory test. (2006)
(2008)
DISCUSSION—The terms assessor, judge, panelist, panel member, and
respondent all have the same basic meaning, although sometimes
DISCUSSION—Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional different
differentconnotations.Usageofthesetermsvarieswiththetrainingand
test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that
experience of the investigator, habit, tradition, personal preference, and
differs in a defined attribute).
other factors.
alternative forced choice (AFC) test, n—method in which 2,
astringency, n—the complex of sensations due to shrinking,
drawing, or puckering of the epithelium as a result of
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE18onSensory
exposure to substances such as alums or tannins. (1996)
Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.01 onTerminology.
attitude, n—a predisposition to respond in a characteristic way
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally
toward a class of objects, concepts, or stimuli. (1996)
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E253 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/E0253-11A.
attitude scale, n—a means for eliciting indications of the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
attitudes or opinions held, usually on a measuring system
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
using marks or value designations. (1996)
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. attribute, n—a perceived characterist
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E253–11 Designation:E253–11a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E253; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
E284 Terminology of Appearance
2. Terminology
absolute judgment, n—an evaluation of a stimulus made without direct comparison to other stimuli. (2007)
acceptability/unacceptability, n—degree to which a stimulus is judged to be favorable or unfavorable. (2006)
acuity, n—the ability to detect or discriminate sensory stimuli. (2007)
adaptation, sensory, n—a decrease in sensitivity to a given stimulus which occurs as a result of exposure to that stimulus. (2006)
affective test, n—any method to assess acceptance, liking, preference, or emotions for a stimulus or stimuli. (2008)
after effects, n—total array of sensations that occur after removal of the stimulus from the sensing field (for example, with foods)
or after application of the stimulus (for example, with non-foods). (2008)
after feel, n—feel of the skin after application of a sample, with or without touching, usually measured at a specified time point.
(2008)
aftertaste, n—the oral or nasal sensations that occur after the stimulus has been removed from the oral cavity. See after effects.
(2007)
aguesia, n—lack of sensitivity to taste stimuli. (1996)
alternative forced choice (AFC), n—method in which 2, 3, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a criterion by
which they are required to select one stimulus. (2008)
DISCUSSION—Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional different test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that differs in
a defined attribute).
alternative forced choice (AFC) test, n—method in which 2, 3, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a criterion
by which they are required to select one stimulus. (2008)
DISCUSSION—Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional difference test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that differs
in a defined attribute).
anchoring point, n—a reference point against which other items are judged. (1996)
anosmia, n—lack of sensitivity to odor stimuli. (1996)
A–not-A test, n—a method of discrimination testing comprised of at least two samples; at least one sample is a previously
identified sample (“A”) and at least one is a test sample. All samples are presented blindly, and the assessor’s task is to assign
the label “A” or “not-A” to each of the samples. (2001)
antagonism, n—joint action of two or more stimuli whose combination elicits a level of sensation lower than that expected from
combining the effects of each stimulus taken separately. (1996)
aroma, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfactory receptors; in a broader sense, the term is sometimes used to refer
to the combination of sensations resulting from stimulation of the entire nasal cavity. (1996)
DISCUSSION—Aroma, odor, and smell have the same basic meaning; however, in common usage they may have different connotations.
aromatic, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfactory receptors retronasally. (2010)
assessor, n—a general term for any individual responding to stimuli in a sensory test. (2006)
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.01 on Terminology.
Current edition approved April 15,Dec. 1, 2011. Published May 2011.January 2012. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as
E253–10a.E253 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/E0253-11A.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E253–11a
DISCUSSION—The terms assessor, judge, panelist, panel member, and respondent all have the same basic meaning, although sometimes different
connotations. Usage of these terms varies with the training and experience of the investigator, habit, tr
...