ASTM D5344-99(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Extension Force of Partially Oriented Yarn
Standard Test Method for Extension Force of Partially Oriented Yarn
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Elapsed time between spinning and testing has a marked effect on the results of the draw tension test, especially during the first 24 h. Therefore, if tested within 24 h of spinning, specimens should be compared only if tested after the same elapsed time. No specimen should be tested within 4 h of spinning because the aging process is at its most rapid rate during this period, and the differences in rate due to fiber structure are most pronounced.
The extension force of manufactured filament yarns is related to the alignment of the molecules in the yarn filaments, which influences the yarn processing behavior. Knowledge of this property of partially oriented yarn is useful to determine processing conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of extension force developed while drawing a partially oriented filament yarn between pairs of draw rolls of different surface speeds.
1.2 Extension force provides an estimate of the yarn orientation.
1.3 This test method applies to partially oriented filament yarns less than 33.3 tex (300 denier), but it can be used for higher deniers by applying the test conditions as directed in Appendix X1.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5344 − 99 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Extension Force of Partially Oriented Yarn
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 draw ratio (DR), n—the relation of the final length per
unit mass to original length per unit mass of a material
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of extension
resulting from drawing.
force developed while drawing a partially oriented filament
yarn between pairs of draw rolls of different surface speeds. 3.1.2 draw texturing, n—for processing thermoplastic
fibers, the simultaneous or sequential process of drawing and
1.2 Extension force provides an estimate of the yarn orien-
imparting crimp, thus producing increased molecular orienta-
tation.
tion and increased bulk.
1.3 This test method applies to partially oriented filament
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The drawing and texturing stages may
yarns less than 33.3 tex (300 denier), but it can be used for
occur in separate, usually consecutive, zones of a machine
higher deniers by applying the test conditions as directed in
(sequential draw texturing) or together in the same zone
Appendix X1.
(simultaneous draw texturing).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.3 drawing, n—in textile processing, the process of
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
stretching or attenuating a material to increase the length per
information only.
unit mass.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—This process orients the molecular
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
chains in the length direction of partially oriented yarn.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 extension, n—the change in length of a material due to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
stretching.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 extension force, n—the force required to stretch a
2. Referenced Documents
material to a given length.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6 partially oriented yarn, n—filament yarn in which
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
polymer molecules are only partially aligned.
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Additional drawing of partially ori-
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
ented yarn results in full orientation of the polymer molecules
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
and optimizes the tensile properties of the yarn.
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
drawn 2008)
method refer to Terminology D123.
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
4. Summary of Test Method
3. Terminology
4.1 Partially oriented filament yarn withdrawn from a pack-
age is pretensioned, heated, and drawn on an instrument under
3.1 Definitions:
conditions similar to those used in the draw-texturing process.
Atension measuring head senses the force required to draw the
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
running yarn a specified amount of its original length under
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
given conditions.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5344–99(2005).
DOI: 10.1520/D5344-99R11.
5. Significance and Use
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
tance testing of commercial shipments because current esti-
the ASTM website.
mates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5344 − 99 (2011)
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be- 8. Conditioning
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
8.1 Prior to conditioning, prepare the test packages by
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
removing at least 100 m (10 yds) of yarn from the outside of
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
each test package to avoid testing nonrepresentative yarn. No
assistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be used are as
preconditioning is required.
homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from
NOTE 1—Preconditioning is generally not advisable because it prolongs
which the disparate test results are obtained, and are assigned
the time required for conditioning.
randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing.
8.2 Bring the specimens in package form to moisture
Other materials with established test values may be used for
equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for testing
this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should
textiles 216 1°C (70 6 2°F) and 65 6 2 % relative humidity
be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
in accordance with Practice D1776. A 24-h period is usually
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
sufficient.
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
9. Procedure
bias.
9.1 Perform all tests in the standard atmosphere for testing
5.2 Elapsedtimebetweenspinningandtestinghasamarked
textiles,whichis21 61°Cor70 62°Fand65° 62 %relative
effect on the results of the draw tension test, especially during
humidity.
the first 24 h. Therefore, if tested within 24 h of spinning,
specimens should be compared only if tested after the same
9.2 Calibrate the test instrument as specified by the manu-
elapsed time. No specimen should be tested within4hof
facturer. Test certified control packages and evaluate them
spinning because the aging process is at its most rapid rate
using statistical procedures to verify calibration.
during this period, and the differences in rate due to fiber
9.3 Test Conditions:
structure are most pronounced.
9.3.1 Use the test conditions as specified in Table 1 for to
5.3 The extension force of manufactured filament yarns is
the instrument being used. The use of these conditions will
related to the alignment of the molecules in the yarn filaments,
allow for the direct comparison of test results from the two
which influences the yarn processing behavior. Knowledge of
instruments.
this property of partially oriented yarn is useful to determine
NOTE 2—Due to the difference in heater length on the two test
processing conditions.
instruments, the draw roll speed is different to maintain the same dwell
time of the yarn in the heater. It is important to maintain the same dwell
6. Apparatus
time in the heater at a given heat to assure reproducible data for extension
4,5 force test.
6.1 Extension Force Measuring Instrument, which will
NOTE 3—For conditions other than those given in 9.3.1, see Appendix
perform the test on a running threadline. This instrument
X1 for test condition optimization, which provides for direct comparison
should include the following: (1) an input section to withdraw
between users.
the yarn from a package and position the yarn for delivery to
9.4 Procedure for Testing Specimens:
the drawing section and establish constant tension, (2)a
9.4.1 Removesurfaceyarnfromtheoutsideofeachpackage
drawing section that should include a constant heat source to
immediately before the test is run to remove damaged or
provide for the extension of the yarn, and (3) a means of
disturbed yarn.
recording the force requir
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