ASTM D5778-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils
Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tests performed using this test method provide a detailed record of cone resistance which is useful for evaluation of site stratigraphy, homogeneity and depth to firm layers, voids or cavities, and other discontinuities. The use of a friction sleeve and porewater pressure element can provide an estimate of soil classification, and correlations with engineering properties of soils. When properly performed at suitable sites, the test provides a rapid means for determining subsurface conditions.
This test method provides data used for estimating engineering properties of soil intended to help with the design and construction of earthworks, the foundations for structures, and the behavior of soils under static and dynamic loads.
This method tests the soil in-situ and soil samples are not obtained. The interpretation of the results from this test method provides estimates of the types of soil penetrated. Engineers may obtain soil samples from parallel borings for correlation purposes but prior information or experience may preclude the need for borings.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the point resistance during penetration of a conical-shaped penetrometer as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a steady rate.
1.2 This test method is also used to determine the frictional resistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind the conical point as it is advanced through subsurface soils at a steady rate.
1.3 This test method applies to friction-cone penetrometers of the electric and electronic type. Field tests using mechanical-type penetrometers are covered elsewhere by Test Method D3441.
1.4 This test method can be used to determine porewater pressures developed during the penetration, thus termed piezocone. Porewater pressure dissipation, after a push, can also be monitored for correlation to time rate of consolidation and permeability.
1.5 Additional sensors, such as inclinometer, seismic geophones, resistivity, electrical conductivity, dielectric, and temperature sensors, may be included in the penetrometer to provide useful information. The use of an inclinometer is highly recommended since it will provide information on potentially damaging situations during the sounding process.
1.6 Cone penetration test data can be used to interpret subsurface stratigraphy, and through use of site specific correlations, they can provide data on engineering properties of soils intended for use in design and construction of earthworks and foundations for structures.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within Section 13 on Calculations, SI units are considered the standard. Other commonly used units such as the inch-pound system are shown in brackets. The various data reported should be displayed in mutually compatible units as agreed to by the client or user. Cone tip projected area is commonly referred to in square centimetres for convenience. The values stated in each system are not equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.
Note 1—This test method does not include hydraulic or pneumatic penetrometers. However, many of the procedural requirements herein could apply to those penetrometers. Also, offshore/marine CPT systems may have procedural differences because of the difficulties of testing in those environments (for example, tidal variations, salt water, waves). Mechanical CPT systems are covered under Test Method D3441.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5778 – 07
Standard Test Method for
Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing
1
of Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—This test method does not include hydraulic or pneumatic
1. Scope*
penetrometers. However, many of the procedural requirements herein
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
could apply to those penetrometers. Also, offshore/marine CPT systems
the point resistance during penetration of a conical-shaped
may have procedural differences because of the difficulties of testing in
penetrometer as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a steady
those environments (for example, tidal variations, salt water, waves).
rate. Mechanical CPT systems are covered under Test Method D3441.
1.2 This test method is also used to determine the frictional
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
resistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind the conical
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pointasitisadvancedthroughsubsurfacesoilsatasteadyrate.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 This test method applies to friction-cone penetrometers
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of the electric and electronic type. Field tests using
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mechanical-type penetrometers are covered elsewhere by Test
Method D3441. 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.4 This test method can be used to determine porewater
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pressures developed during the penetration, thus termed piezo-
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
cone. Porewater pressure dissipation, after a push, can also be
Fluids
monitored for correlation to time rate of consolidation and
D3441 Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests
permeability.
of Soil
1.5 Additional sensors, such as inclinometer, seismic geo-
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
phones, resistivity, electrical conductivity, dielectric, and tem-
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
perature sensors, may be included in the penetrometer to
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
provide useful information. The use of an inclinometer is
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
highly recommended since it will provide information on
potentially damaging situations during the sounding process. 3. Terminology
1.6 Cone penetration test data can be used to interpret
3.1 Definitions:
subsurface stratigraphy, and through use of site specific corre-
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology Con-
lations,theycanprovidedataonengineeringpropertiesofsoils
vention (D653).
intended for use in design and construction of earthworks and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
foundations for structures.
3.2.1 apparent load transfer—apparentresistancemeasured
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
on either the cone or friction sleeve of an electronic cone
standard. Within Section 13 on Calculations, SI units are
penetrometer while that element is in a no-load condition but
considered the standard. Other commonly used units such as
the other element is loaded. Apparent load transfer is the sum
theinch-poundsystemareshowninbrackets.Thevariousdata
of cross talk, subtraction error, and mechanical load transfer.
reported should be displayed in mutually compatible units as
3.2.2 baseline—a set of zero load readings, expressed in
agreed to by the client or user. Cone tip projected area is
terms of apparent resistance, that are used as reference values
commonly referred to in square centimetres for convenience.
during performance of testing and calibration.
Thevaluesstatedineachsystemarenotequivalents;therefore,
3.2.3 cone tip—the conical point of a cone penetrometer on
each system must be used independently of the other.
which the end bearing component of penetration resistance is
developed. The cone has a 60° apex angle, a diameter of 35.7
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
2
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5778–95 (2000). Standards volume info
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5778–95 (Reapproved 2000) Designation: D 5778 – 07
Standard Test Method for
Performing Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone
1
Penetration Testing of Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the point resistance toduring penetration of a conical pointed
conical-shaped penetrometer as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a slow, steady rate.
1.2 This test method is also used to determine the frictional resistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind the conical point
as it is advanced through subsurface soils at a slow, steady rate.
1.3 Thistestmethodappliestofriction-conepenetrometersoftheelectricandelectronictype.Fieldtestsusingmechanical-type
penetrometers are covered elsewhere by Test Method D3441.
1.4 This test method can be used to determine pore pressure developmentporewater pressures developed during push of a
piezocone penetrometer. Porethe penetration, thus termed piezocone. Porewater pressure dissipation, after a push, can also be
monitored for correlation to soil compressibility time rate of consolidation and permeability.
1.5Other sensors1.5 Additional sensors, such as inclinometer, seismic geophones, resistivity, electrical conductivity, dielectric,
and temperature sensors, may be included in the penetrometer to provide useful information.The use of an inclinometer is highly
recommended since it will provide information on potentially damaging situations during the sounding process.
1.6 Cone penetration test data can be used to interpret subsurface stratigraphy, and through use of site specific correlations i,
theycanprovidedataonengineeringpropertiesofsoilsintendedforuseindesignandconstructionofearthworksandfoundations
for structures.
1.7 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.WithinSection13onCalculations,SImetricunitsareconsidered
the standard. Other commonly used units such as the inch-pound system are shown in brackets. The various data reported should
be displayed in mutually compatible units as agreed to by the client or user. Cone tip projected area is commonly referred to in
square centimetres for convenience. The values stated in each system are not equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other.
NOTE1—This test method does not include hydraulic or pneumatic penetrometers. However, many of the procedural requirements herein could apply
to those penetrometers. 1—This test method does not include hydraulic or pneumatic penetrometers. However, many of the procedural requirements
herein could apply to those penetrometers. Also, offshore/marine CPT systems may have procedural differences because of the difficulties of testingin
those environments (for example, tidal variations, salt water, waves). Mechanical CPT systems are covered under Test Method D3441.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3441 Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests of Soil
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements forAgencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used
in Engineering Design and Construction
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and Related
Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published January 1996.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5778–95 (2000).
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 04.08.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stan
...
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