ASTM D4712-87a(2005)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Water-Reducible Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)
Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Water-Reducible Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This compilation of standards is intended to provide assistance in selecting appropriate tests for evaluating water-reducible coatings and for determining what characteristics should be considered for a given end use. Either single-coat operations or multicoat systems may be addressed by the proper selection of tests. Results from the various tests are not all necessarily useful in evaluating the performance of different systems for various end uses. The list can be useful to those developing coatings and coating systems and to those seeking coating systems for products.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing water-reducible coatings, both pigmented and clear, utilizing synthetic latices, synthetic resin emulsions, or water-reducible alkyds. The methods included are listed in Table 1. Where more than one standard is listed for the same characteristic, no attempt is made to indicate superiority of one standard over another. Selection of the standards to be followed must be governed by experience and the requirements in each individual case, together with agreement between producer and user.
1.2 This guide covers the testing of liquid coatings as applied by conventional spray, airless spray, electrostatic spray, dip, fancoat, flowcoat, roller coat, and curtain coat.
1.3 This guide includes procedures relating to proper and safe packaging, shipping and receiving, and storage and handling during use and application.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing water-reducible coatings, both pigmented and clear, utilizing synthetic latices, synthetic resin emulsions, or water-reducible alkyds. This guide covers the testing of liquid coatings as applied by conventional spray, airless spray, electrostatic spray, dip, fancoat, flowcoat, roller coat, and curtain coat.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this guide was withdrawn in January 2014 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4712 − 87a(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Guide for
Testing Industrial Water-Reducible Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4712; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
Applications
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
for testing water-reducible coatings, both pigmented and clear,
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
utilizing synthetic latices, synthetic resin emulsions, or water-
Closed Cup Tester
reducible alkyds. The methods included are listed in Table 1.
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
Where more than one standard is listed for the same
D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed
characteristic, no attempt is made to indicate superiority of one
Oil Paints (Withdrawn 2005)
standardoveranother.Selectionofthestandardstobefollowed
D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
must be governed by experience and the requirements in each
the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
individualcase,togetherwithagreementbetweenproducerand
D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
user.
Organic Coatings
1.2 This guide covers the testing of liquid coatings as
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
appliedbyconventionalspray,airlessspray,electrostaticspray,
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
dip, fancoat, flowcoat, roller coat, and curtain coat.
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
1.3 This guide includes procedures relating to proper and
eter
safe packaging, shipping and receiving, and storage and
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
handling during use and application.
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
Related Coating Products
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Steel Surfaces
only.
D658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Coatings by Air Blast Abrasive (Withdrawn 1996)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D659 MethodforEvaluatingDegreeofChalkingofExterior
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Paints (Withdrawn 1990)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Exterior Paints
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
2. Referenced Documents
Exterior Paints
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
Exterior Paints
B287 Method of Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
(Withdrawn 1987)
Paints
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
ing) of Exterior Paints
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
D822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4712 – 87a (2001).
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
DOI: 10.1520/D4712-87AR05.
D869 TestMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofSettlingofPaint
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Using Water Immersion
the ASTM website.
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. Coatings by Falling Abrasive
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4712 − 87a (2005)
TABLE 1 List of Test Methods by Properties
Test Method Section ASTM Standard Federal Test Method Standard 141
I. Liquid Coating Properties: 9
Coarse particles and foreign matter 9.2 D185
Condition in container 9.1 ··· 3011.1
Conductivity 9.14 D1125 or D4399 ···
Consistency 9.7 D562 ···
Density or weight per gallon 9.3 D1475 ···
Fineness of dispersion 9.4 D1210 ···
Flash point 9.13 D56, D93 or D3278 ···
Freeze-thaw stability 9.9 D2243 ···
Microorganism resistance 9.11 D2574 ···
pH 9.8 E70 ···
Package stability 9.10 D1849 ···
Pigment suspension 9.5 D869 ···
Surface tension 9.12 ··· ···
Viscosity 9.6 D1200 or D2196 ···
II. Application and Film Formation: 10
Panel preparation 10.1 D609, D1730, D1731, D1732, D2092D2201 ···
Drying properties 10.2.2 D1640 ···
Leveling properties 10.3 D4062, D2353 ···
Low temperature coalescence 10.5 D3793, D2354 ···
Spray properties 10.2.1 ··· 2131.1, 4331.1
Touch-up 10.6 D3928 ···
Uniform film preparation 10.4 D823 ···
Wet film thickness 10.3 D1212 ···
III. Appearance of Dry Film: 11
Color difference by visual evaluation 11.1.1 D1729, D2616 ···
Color difference by instrumental evaluation 11.1.2 D2244 and D3134 ···
Color description by visual evaluation 11.1.3 D1535 ···
Color description by instrumental evaluation 11.1.4 D2244 ···
Gloss 11.2 D523 ···
Hiding power 11.3 D344, D2805 ···
IV. Properties of Dry Film: 12
Abrasion resistance 12.1 D658, D968, D4060 ···
Adhesion 12.2 D2197, D3359 ···
Elongation 12.3 D522, D1737, D3281 ···
Exterior exposure 12.4 ···
Blistering 12.4.1 D714 ···
Chalking 12.4.2 D659 ···
Checking 12.4.3 D660 ···
Cracking 12.4.4 D661 ···
Erosion 12.4.5 D662 ···
Flaking 12.4.6 D772 ···
Rusting 12.4.7 D610, D2933 ···
Accelerated weathering 12.4.8 D822, D3361, D4587 ···
Corrosive environments 12.4.9 D1654 ···
Hardness 12.5 D1474 ···
Impact resistance 12.6 D2794, D3170 ···
Resistance to various forms of water 12.8
Water immersion 12.8.1 D870 ···
Water fog 12.8.2 D1735 ···
Humidity resistance 12.8.3 D2247 ···
Moisture vapor permeability 12.8.4 D1653 ···
Salt spray 12.8.5 B117, B287 ···
Humidity-thermal cycling 12.8.6 D2246 ···
Filiform corrosion 12.8.7 D2803 ···
Condensation 12.8.8 D4585 ···
Detergent resistance 12.8.9 D2248 ···
Resistance to chemicals 12.7 D1308, D1540, D3023 ···
Overbaking 12.9 D2454 ···
Print resistance 12.10 D2091 ···
Reporting results 12.4.10 D1848 ···
Dry film thickness 12.11 D1186, D1400
V. Analysis of Paint: 13
Volatile content 13.2 D2369 ···
Volume of nonvolatile 13.3 D2697 ···
Weight of nonvolatile 13.3 D2369 ···
Pigment content 13.4 D2371 ···
Identification of vehicle solids 13.6 D3168 ···
D4712 − 87a (2005)
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick- D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers Scrape Adhesion
D1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of D2201 Practice for Preparation of Zinc-Coated and Zinc-
Alloy-Coated Steel Panels for Testing Paint and Related
Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates
Coating Products
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
D2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-
tivity of Water
Borne Coatings
D1150 Single and Multi-Panel Forms for Recording Results
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
of Exposure Tests of Paints (Withdrawn 1992)
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
Coordinates
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
D2246 Test Method for Finishes on Primed Metallic Sub-
a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)
strates for Humidity-Thermal Cycle Cracking (Withdrawn
D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
1992)
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
D2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
100 % Relative Humidity
D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-
D2248 PracticeforDetergentResistanceofOrganicFinishes
ness of Organic Coatings
D2353 MethodofTestforFlowRatingsofOrganicCoatings
D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on
Using the Shell Flow Comparator (Withdrawn 1990)
Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes
D2354 Test Method for Minimum Film FormationTempera-
D1400 TestMethodforNondestructiveMeasurementofDry
ture (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
3 D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
D2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-
D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic
Reducible Paints
Coatings
D2454 PracticeforDeterminingtheEffectofOverbakingon
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
Organic Coatings
and Related Products
D2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
Container to Attack by Microorganisms
D1540 Method of Test for Effect of Chemical Agents on
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
Organic Finishes Used in the Transportation Industry
ence With a Gray Scale
(Withdrawn 1992)
D2691 Method for Microscopical Measurement of Dry Film
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation
Thickness of Coatings on Wood Products (Withdrawn
of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
1992)
D1653 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Or-
D2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear
ganic Coating Films
or Pigmented Coatings
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
D2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
D2803 Guide for Testing Filiform Corrosion Resistance of
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
Organic Coatings on Metal
D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-
Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
tometry
D1731 Practices for Preparation of Hot-DipAluminum Sur-
D2933 Test Method for Corrosion Resistance of Coated
faces for Painting 3
Steel Specimens (Cyclic Method) (Withdrawn 1990)
D1732 Practices for Preparation of Magnesium Alloy Sur-
D3002 Guide for Evaluation of CoatingsApplied to Plastics
faces for Painting
D3023 Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-
D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Re-
Using Water Fog Apparatus
agents
D1737 Method of Test for Elongation of Attached Organic
D3134 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances
Coatings with Cylindrical MandrelApparatus (Withdrawn
D3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in
1988)
Emulsion Paints
D1848 Classification for Reporting Paint Film Failures
D3170 Test Method for Chipping Resistance of Coatings
CharacteristicofExteriorLatexPaints(Withdrawn2003)
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
D1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
D2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers
D3281 Test Method for Formability of Attached Organic
D2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)
CoatingswithImpact-WedgeBendApparatus(Withdrawn
Steel Surfaces for Painting (Withdrawn 2008) 1995)
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non- D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type)
D3361 Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Ex-
Viscometer posures of Paint and Related Coatings
D4712 − 87a (2005)
D3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence of 7.2 Prepare specimens as required for the specific tests on
Latex Paint Films by Porosity Measurement (Withdrawn the liquid coating and the dry coating.
2012)
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and 8. Conditions Affecting Performance
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
8.1 Practical requirements and performance of water-
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
reducible coatings may vary with:
Pigmented Coatings
8.1.1 Type of substrate.
D3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen
8.1.2 Substrate condition, for example, porosity, hardness,
Uniformity
smoothness, flexibility, etc.
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
8.1.3 Type, quality, and suitability of the surface treatment
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
or primer used under the water-reducible coating and the time
D4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down
before coating application.
Method
8.1.4 Application methods and techniques.
D4399 Test Method for Measuring Electrical Conductivity
8.1.5 Contaminants on the surface of the substrate.
of Electrocoat Baths
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings 8.1.6 Environmental conditions such as temperature and
relative humidity.
Using Controlled Condensation
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-
8.1.7 Damage to container, size, and type of container.
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
8.1.8 Storage variables, for example storage time, excessive
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
temperature fluctuations that may cause physical or chemical
Glass Electrode
change. Special needs arise due to carbon dioxide absorption,
2.2 U.S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141c:
dissolved metal compatibility, and ultrafiltration treatments.
2131.1 Application of Sprayed Films
3011.1 Test Method
9. Liquid Coatings Properties
3011.2 Condition in Container
9.1 Condition in Container—Thickening, settling, and sepa-
4331.1 Test Method
ration are undesirable and objectionable if a liquid coating
cannot be reconditioned and made suitable for application with
3. Terminology
a reasonable amount of stirring. The referenced method covers
3.1 Definitions:
procedures for determining changes in properties after storage.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to
Determine the condition in the container in accordance with
Terminology D16.
Te
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.