ASTM D4675-00
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on flat strapping materials (steel or nonmetallic) for the prospective user wanting initial guidance in selecting a strapping material and applied configuration for use in packaging (closing, reinforcing, baling, unitizing, or palletizing) and loading (load unitization and securement to transport vehicle) applications. The use applies to handling, storage, and distribution systems.
1.2 Carrier associations have established certain packaging and loading requirements that in some cases specify a type of strap, the minimum size or strength, or both, and type of joint or seal, or both, that must be used for certain types of shipments or under certain conditions. Users should consult with their carriers initially to determine if there are applicable, published requirements. Individual carriers may establish their own requirements.
1.3 Limitations -This guide is not intended to give specific information as to how strapping must be used in any particular packaging or loading situation. Rather it is intended to be informational in nature and is offered as a starting point for testing. The need for thorough user testing is to be emphasized as is a review of pertinent regulations that can influence the selection of sizes, types, and possibly, application methods.
1.4 The sections in this guide appear in the following order: SectionScope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3 Significance and Use 4Terminology3Significance and Use4Safety Hazards5General Considerations:Properties of Strap Types6General Uses7Strap Tension8Packaging Design:Distribution9Package Configuration10Strap Selection11Joining Methods and PropertiesJoint Methods and Properties (except loop joint)12 Loop Joint and Seal Prooperties13Coatings:Strap Coatings and Purposes14Application:Equipment for Strap Application15Strap Application16Testing and Evaluation:Testing and Developing Final Package Design17 Evaluation of Strap Failure18Keywords19Supplementary GuidelineS1
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 5 and Note 1 and Note 2.
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Designation:D4675–00
Standard Guide for
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Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide covers two common categories of strapping materials: flat carbon steel and nonmetallic
strapping. Within each of these two broad categories, there are distinct types that lend themselves to
particular applications to differing degrees.
The goal of this guide is to help the user focus on the desired elements of performance or service,
and the unique properties of each strapping material in order to judge which of these strapping
materials is best suited for the application. Contact your supplier for further information.
It is recognized that there are other materials (not covered) that may also offer acceptable solutions
or may be used in conjunction with flat strapping.Also, examples of ancillary materials are shown in
Fig. 1.
Strapping may be recyclable. Contact your supplier for further information.
1. Scope strap, the minimum size or strength, or both, and type of joint
or seal, or both, that must be used for certain types of
1.1 This guide covers information on flat strapping materi-
shipments or under certain conditions. Users should consult
als (steel or nonmetallic) for the prospective user wanting
with their carriers initially to determine if there are applicable,
initial guidance in selecting a strapping material and applied
published requirements. Individual carriers may establish their
configurationforuseinpackaging(closing,reinforcing,baling,
own requirements.
unitizing, or palletizing) and loading (load unitization and
1.3 Limitations—This guide is not intended to give specific
securement to transport vehicle) applications. The use applies
information as to how strapping must be used in any particular
to handling, storage, and distribution systems.
packaging or loading situation. Rather it is intended to be
1.2 Carrier associations have established certain packaging
informational in nature and is offered as a starting point for
and loading requirements that in some cases specify a type of
testing. The need for thorough user testing is to be emphasized
as is a review of pertinent regulations that can influence the
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on Packaging
selection of sizes, types, and possibly, application methods.
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.25onPalletizingandUnitizing
of Loads.
Current edition approved April 10, 2000. Published June 2000. Originally
published as D 4675 – 87. Last previous edition D 4675 – 93.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4675
1.4 The sections in this guide appear in the following order:
Section
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Significance and Use 4
Safety Hazards 5
General Considerations:
Properties of Strap Types 6
General Uses 7
Strap Tension 8
Packaging Design:
Distribution 9
Package Configuration 10
Strap Selection 11
Joining Methods and Properties
Joint Methods and Properties (except loop joint) 12
Loop Joint and Seal Properties 13
Coatings:
Strap Coatings and Purposes 14
Application:
Equipment for Strap Application 15
Strap Application 16
Testing and Evaluation:
Testing and Developing Final Package Design 17
Evaluation of Strap Failure 18
Keywords 19
Supplementary Guideline S1
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
information only.
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D4675
FIG. 1 Applications for Steel and Nonmetallic Strapping
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D4675
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the and elongation in determining impact resistance. It is also
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the important in tensioning applications requiring the strap to be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- bent double, and in loop joint applications. (Specification
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- D 3953 contains test procedures and specifications.)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety
3.2.5 elongation at break, n—the increase in strapping
hazard statements are given in Section 5 and Note 1 and Note
length due to tensile load at the time of break. (See Specifica-
2.
tions D 3950 and D 3953.)
3.2.6 energy t
...
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