ASTM C1322-02

Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics

SCOPE
1.1 The objective of this practice is to provide an efficient and consistent methodology to locate and characterize fracture origins in advanced ceramics. It is applicable to advanced ceramics which are brittle; that is, the material adheres to Hooke's Law up to fracture. In such materials, fracture commences from a single location which is termed the fracture origin. The fracture origin in brittle ceramics normally consists of some irregularity or singularity in the material which acts as a stress concentrator. In the parlance of the engineer or scientist, these irregularities are termed flaws or defects. The latter should not be construed to mean that the material has been prepared improperly or is somehow faulty.
1.2 Although this practice is primarily intended for laboratory test piece analysis, the general concepts and procedures may be applied to component failure analyses as well. In many cases, component failure analysis may be aided by cutting laboratory test pieces out of the component. Information gleaned from testing the laboratory pieces (for example, flaw types, general fracture features, fracture mirror constants) may then aid interpretation of component fractures. For more information on component fracture analysis, see Ref (1).
1.3 This practice supersedes Military Handbook 790.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2002
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• ICS: 81.060.99 - Other standards related to ceramics
• Technical Committee: C28 - Advanced Ceramics
• Drafting Committee: C28.01 - Mechanical Properties and Performance

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1322-96a - Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM C1322-02a - Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1834-16 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Flexural Testing (Stress Rupture) at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1161-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1323-22 - Standard Test Method for Ultimate Strength of Advanced Ceramics with Diametrally Compressed C-Ring Specimens at Ambient Temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1273-18 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1683-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Size Scaling of Tensile Strengths Using Weibull Statistics for Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1421-18 - Standard Test Methods for Determination of Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1465-08(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-Rate Flexural Testing at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1576-05(2017) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Flexural Testing (Stress Rupture) at Ambient Temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1525-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermal Shock Resistance for Advanced Ceramics by Water Quenching
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1361-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Constant-Amplitude, Axial, Tension-Tension Cyclic Fatigue of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F561-19 - Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1678-21 - Standard Practice for Fractographic Analysis of Fracture Mirror Sizes in Ceramics and Glasses
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1211-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1322 – 02
Standard Practice for
Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in
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Advanced Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope* C 1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
C 1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
1.1 The objective of this practice is to provide an efficient
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Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
and consistent methodology to locate and characterize fracture
C 1211 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
origins in advanced ceramics. It is applicable to advanced
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Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
ceramics which are brittle; that is, the material adheres to
C 1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
Hooke’s Law up to fracture. In such materials, fracture
Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced
commences from a single location which is termed the fracture
4
Ceramics
origin.The fracture origin in brittle ceramics normally consists
C 1256 Practice for Interpreting Glass Fracture Surface
of some irregularity or singularity in the material which acts as
3
Features
a stress concentrator. In the parlance of the engineer or
F 109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on
scientist, these irregularities are termed flaws or defects. The
4
Ceramics
latter should not be construed to mean that the material has
2.2 Military Standard:
been prepared improperly or is somehow faulty.
Military Handbook 790, Fractography and Characteriza-
1.2 Although this practice is primarily intended for labora-
tion of Fracture Origins inAdvanced Structural Ceramics,
tory test piece analysis, the general concepts and procedures
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1992
may be applied to component failure analyses as well. In many
cases, component failure analysis may be aided by cutting
3. Terminology
laboratory test pieces out of the component. Information
3.1 General—The following terms are given as a basis for
gleaned from testing the laboratory pieces (for example, flaw
identifying fracture origins that are common to advanced
types, general fracture features, fracture mirror constants) may
ceramics. It should be recognized that origins can manifest
then aid interpretation of component fractures. For more
2 themselves differently in various materials.The photographs in
information on component fracture analysis, see Ref (1).
Appendix X1 show examples of the origins defined in 3.8 and
1.3 This practice supersedes Military Handbook 790.
3.17. Terms that are contained in other ASTM standards are
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
noted at the end of the each definition.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 advanced ceramic, n—a highly engineered, high-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
performance, predominately nonmetallic, inorganic, ceramic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
material having specific functional attributes. C1145
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3 flaw, n—a structural discontinuity in an advanced ce-
2. Referenced Documents ramic body that acts as a highly localized stress raiser.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—The presence of such discontinuities does not necessarily
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C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
imply that the ceramic has been prepared improperly or is faulty.
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
3.4 fracture origin, n—the source from which brittle frac-
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Products
ture commences. C1145
3
C 1036 Specification for Flat Glass
3.5 hackle, n—as used in fractography,alineorlinesonthe
crack surface running in the local direction of cracking,
1 separating parallel but noncoplanar portions of the crack
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced
surface.
Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.05 on Processing.
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally
published as C 1322 – 96. Last previous edition C 1322 – 96a.
2 4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
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this standard. Available from Army Research Laboratory-Materials Directorate, Aberdeen
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02. Proving Ground, MD 21005.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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