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ASTM D7592-10

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel

Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies. It defines a specific type of lead-free aviation gasoline; however, this specification does not include all gasoline satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. It is possible that certain equipment or conditions of use can bring about a wider or require a narrower range of characteristics than what is shown in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies.
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline that contains no lead. It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the time and place of delivery.
1.4 The current purpose for the fuel specified herein is for certification and testing of an engine and engine components.
1.5 The UL94 standard is to be used for engine calibration and FAA certification.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2010
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.J0.02 - Aviation Piston Engine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7592-14 - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4529-17 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010

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ASTM D7592-10 - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test FuelASTM D7592-10 - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel
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ASTM D7592-10 - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7592 −10 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Specification for
Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
1
Certification and Test Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)
D614 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Aviation
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for
Fuels by the Aviation Method; Replaced by D 2700
purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended
3
(Withdrawn 1970)
primarily for use by purchasing agencies.
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation
(Potential Residue Method)
gasoline that contains no lead. It does not include all gasolines
D910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equip-
D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
ment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
specification.
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D1948 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor
1.3 Thisspecification,unlessotherwiseprovided,prescribes
the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the Fuels Above 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method;
3
Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1968)
time and place of delivery.
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
1.4 The current purpose for the fuel specified herein is for
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
certification and testing of an engine and engine components.
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
1.5 The UL94 standard is to be used for engine calibration
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviation
and FAA certification.
and Distillate Fuels
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Ignition Engine Fuel
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
standard.
Ignition Engine Fuel
D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
2. Referenced Documents
tion Spectroscopy
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
tion of Aviation Fuels
Atmospheric Pressure
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
Petroleum Products
(Reid Method)
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
D357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Fuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method;
Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
tion of Aviation Fuels
D02.J0.02 on Aviation Gasoline.
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. DOI:
10.1520/D7592–10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7592−10
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision 5.2.1.1 2, 6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol.
Method) 5.2.1.2 2, 4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec- 5.2.1.3 2, 6-ditertiary butylphenol.
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems 5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2, 6-ditertiary butylphenol plus
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Av
...

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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels.  
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ASTM D7826-23b(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives

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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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5.4 This guide does not purport to specify an all-inclusive listing of test and analysis requirements to achieve ASTM International approval ...
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1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

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5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
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1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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