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ASTM D7422-10a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was developed to evaluate the wear performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results from used oil analysis and component measurements before and after test.
The test method may be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics, including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder liners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-12.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2010
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7422-11 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7422 – 10a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas
1
Recirculation Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-
troleum Products by Copper Strip Test
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics,
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder
D287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
linersinanengineequippedwithexhaustgasrecirculationand
2 Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. This test method is
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
commonly referred to as the Mack T-12.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ity)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
standard.
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent,
Petroleum Products
such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment
D664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
specifications.
by Potentiometric Titration
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D976 TestMethodforCalculatedCetaneIndexofDistillate
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Fuels
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. SeeAnnexA6 for
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
specific safety precautions.
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
2. Referenced Documents
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
3
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
Atmospheric Pressure
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
D3338 TestMethodforEstimationofNetHeatofCombus-
Closed Cup Tester
tion of Aviation Fuels
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, andAPI
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
Products, and Lubricants
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7422–10. DOI:
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
10.1520/D7422-10A.
trometry
2
TheASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by
D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
means of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from theASTM
Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489,Attention: D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by
Administrator.ThiseditionincorporatesrevisionsinallInformationLettersthrough
Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
No. 10-1.
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7422 – 10a
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission method; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, using
Spectrometry (ICP-AES) different test equipment, applying different eq
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7422–10 Designation: D7422 – 10a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas
1
Recirculation Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversanenginetestprocedureforevaluatingdieselengineoilsforperformancecharacteristics,including
lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder liners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and running on
2
ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-12.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters,
tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 on
Automotive Lubricants.
CurrenteditionapprovedMayOct.1,2010.PublishedJuneNovember2010.Originallyapprovedin2008.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asD7422–09a.D7422–10.
DOI: 10.1520/D7422-10A.
2
TheASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from theASTM Test
Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No.
09-1.10-1.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7422 – 10a
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Ad
...

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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4808-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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