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ASTM D5579-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures.
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range.
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer.
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC). The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:
SectionScope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus6 Test Transmission6.2 Transmission Mounts6.3 Oil-Circulating System6.4 Oil Return Hole6.5 Air Pressure Controls6.6 Drive System6.7 Instrumentation6.8 Thermocouple Placement6.9Reagents and Materials7 Safety8 Preparation of Apparatus9Cleaning of Parts9.1Assembly9.2 Calibration10 Transmission and Test Stand Calibration10.1 Reference Oils10.2 Reference Oil Test Frequency10.3 Instrumentation Calibration10.4Shift Time Calibration10.5 Operating Procedure11 System Flush and Charge11.1 Test Operation11.2 Shut-Down Procedure11.3 Transmission Disassembly11.4 Determination of Test Results12 Failure Criteria12.1 Shifter Fork Wear12.2Test Validity Determination12.3 Report13 Precision and Bias14 Keywords15 Test Validity Calculations and LimitsAnnex A1Test Kit PartsAnnex A2Report FormsAnnex A3Data DictionaryAnnex A4Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Inspection and Wear MeasurementsAnnex A5

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2003
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.03 - Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5579-01 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D5579-04 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5760-19 - Standard Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8227-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Friction of Synchronizer Lubricated by Mechanical Transmission Fluids (MTF) Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
10-May-2003

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ASTM D5579-03 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability TestASTM D5579-03 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test
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ASTM D5579-03 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5579 – 03
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission
1
Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5579; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Transmission Mounts 6.3
Oil-Circulating System 6.4
1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for
Oil Return Hole 6.5
use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high
Air Pressure Controls 6.6
Drive System 6.7
temperatures.
Instrumentation 6.8
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number
Thermocouple Placement 6.9
of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of
Reagents and Materials 7
Safety 8
synchronization when the transmission is operated while con-
Preparation of Apparatus 9
tinuously cycling between high and low range.
Cleaning of Parts 9.1
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission ser- Assembly 9.2
Calibration 10
vice has not been established. However, the procedure has been
Transmission and Test Stand Calibration 10.1
shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants,
Reference Oils 10.2
which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field perfor- Reference Oil Test Frequency 10.3
Instrumentation Calibration 10.4
mance in the trucks of one manufacturer.
Shift Time Calibration 10.5
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to
Operating Procedure 11
refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or re- System Flush and Charge 11.1
Test Operation 11.2
agents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by
Shut-Down Procedure 11.3
Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring
Transmission Disassembly 11.4
2
Center (TMC). The test method will be revised to show the Determination of Test Results 12
Failure Criteria 12.1
content of all the letters, as issued.
Shifter Fork Wear 12.2
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Test Validity Determination 12.3
as standard. When materials, products, or equipment are Report 13
Precision and Bias 14
available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.
Keywords 15
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Test Validity Calculations and Limits Annex A1
Test Kit Parts Annex A2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Report Forms Annex A3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Data Dictionary Annex A4
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Annex A5
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Inspection and Wear Measurements
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:
2. Referenced Documents
Section
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
Terminology 3
3
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
Summary of Test Method 4
2.2 SAE Standard:
Significance and Use 5
4
Apparatus 6
SAE J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants
Test Transmission 6.2
2.3 Military Standard:
5
MIL-L-2105 Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
4
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5579-01. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
2 5
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 02-1. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5579–03
2.4 Other Standard: 5. Significance and Use
6
GO-H Mack Trucks Oil,Gear: Multi-Purpose
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual
transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in
3. Terminology
deterioration of synchronizer performance.
5.2 This test method may also be utilized in other specifi-
3.1 Definitions:
cations and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants
3.1.1 wear—the loss of material from two or more surfaces
such as the following:
in relative motion.
5.2.1 (final
...

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1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective monitoring of mineral oil and phosphate ester fluid lubricating oils in service auxiliary (non-turbine) equipment used for power generation. Auxiliary equipment covered includes gears, hydraulic systems, diesel engines, pumps, compressors, and electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems. It includes sampling and testing schedules and recommended action steps, as well as information on how oils degrade.
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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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Note 1: These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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