ASTM D7929-20
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Passive Techniques for Sampling Groundwater Monitoring Wells
Standard Guide for Selection of Passive Techniques for Sampling Groundwater Monitoring Wells
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 General—Passive groundwater sampling has increased use since the polyethylene diffusion bag sampler was first introduced (5). As defined above, different types of passive samplers are now available with different functions and usages. The Interstate Technology Regulatory Council (ITRC) has provided several technical and regulatory documents on the use of passive groundwater sampling methods (1, 5-7). Collectively, these documents have provided information and references on the technical basis for their use, comparison of sampling results with more traditional sampling methods, descriptions of their proper use, limitations, and a survey of their acceptance and use by responding state regulators. However, the ITRC documents are older and do not include more recent assessments and publications. This Standard seeks to provide newer information on current practice and implementation of passive groundwater sampling techniques.
4.1.1 Because of the large number of passive samplers that have been developed over the years for various types of environmental sampling, it is beyond the scope of this standard to discuss separately each of the methods that could or can be used to sample groundwater. Extensive literature reviews on diffusion- and accumulation-passive samplers can be found in the scientific literature (that is, 3, 8-14). These reviews provide information on a wide variety of passive sampling devices for use in air, soil vapor, and water. A review paper on the use of diffusion and accumulation-type passive samplers specifically for sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater (15) includes information on other passive samplers that are not included in the ITRC documents (1, 7) and discusses their use with respect to measuring mass flux.
4.2 Use—Passive samplers are deployed at a pre-determined depth, or depths, within a well for a minimum or pre-determined period of time. They should remain submerged at the target depth for their entire deploy...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides guidance and information on passive sampling techniques for collecting groundwater from monitoring wells. Passive groundwater samplers are able to acquire a sample from the screen interval in a well, without the active transport associated with a pump or purge technique (1).2 Passive groundwater sampling is a type of no-purge groundwater sampling method where the samplers are left in the well for a predetermined period of time prior to collecting the sample.
1.2 Methods for sampling monitoring wells include low-flow purging and sampling methods, traditional well-volume purging and sampling methods, post-purge grab sampling methods (for example, using a bailer), passive no-purge sampling methods, and active no-purge sampling methods such as using a bailer to collect a sample without purging the well. This guide focuses on passive no-purge sampling methodologies for collecting groundwater samples. These methodologies include the use of diffusion samplers, accumulation samplers, and passive-grab samplers. This guide provides information on the use, advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of each of these passive sampling technologies.
1.3 ASTM Standard D653 provides standard terminology relevant to soil, rock, and fluids contained in them. ASTM Standard D4448 provides a standard guide to sampling groundwater wells, and ASTM Standards D5903 and D6089 provide guides for planning and documenting a sampling event. Groundwater samples may require preservation (Guide D6517), filtration (Guide D6564/D6564M), and measures to pack and ship samples (Guide D6911). Standard D7069 provides guidance on the quality control and quality assurance of sampling events. ASTM Standard D5092/D5092M provides standard practice for the design and installation of groundwater monitoring wells, ASTM Standard D5521/D5521M provides a standard guide for developing groundwater monitoring wells in granular aquifers, and D...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7929 − 20
Standard Guide for
Selection of Passive Techniques for Sampling Groundwater
1
Monitoring Wells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7929; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* standardguidefordevelopinggroundwatermonitoringwellsin
granular aquifers, and D6452 provides a standard guide for
1.1 This standard provides guidance and information on
purging methods used in groundwater quality investigations.
passive sampling techniques for collecting groundwater from
Consult ASTM Standard D6724/D6724M for a guide on the
monitoring wells. Passive groundwater samplers are able to
installation of direct-push groundwater monitoring wells and
acquireasamplefromthescreenintervalinawell,withoutthe
ASTMStandardD6725/D6725Mforaguideontheinstallation
active transport associated with a pump or purge technique
2 of direct-push groundwater monitoring wells with pre-pack
(1). Passive groundwater sampling is a type of no-purge
screens.
groundwater sampling method where the samplers are left in
the well for a predetermined period of time prior to collecting
1.4 The values stated in SI Units are to be regarded as the
the sample.
standard. Values in inches (such as with well diameters) are
given in parentheses, and are provided for information. Use of
1.2 Methods for sampling monitoring wells include low-
unitsotherthanSIshallnotberegardedasnonconformingwith
flow purging and sampling methods, traditional well-volume
this standard.
purging and sampling methods, post-purge grab sampling
methods (for example, using a bailer), passive no-purge sam-
1.5 Thisguideprovidesinformationonpassivegroundwater
pling methods, and active no-purge sampling methods such as
samplingingeneralandalsoprovidesaseriesofconsiderations
usingabailertocollectasamplewithoutpurgingthewell.This
when selecting a passive groundwater sampling method.
guidefocusesonpassiveno-purgesamplingmethodologiesfor
However, it does not recommend a specific course of action,
collecting groundwater samples. These methodologies include
and not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all field
the use of diffusion samplers, accumulation samplers, and
situations. This document cannot replace education or experi-
passive-grab samplers. This guide provides information on the
ence and should be used in conjunction with professional
use,advantages,disadvantages,andlimitationsofeachofthese
judgment. ThisASTM standard is not intended to represent or
passive sampling technologies.
replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given
professional service must be judged, nor should this document
1.3 ASTM Standard D653 provides standard terminology
be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique
relevant to soil, rock, and fluids contained in them. ASTM
aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document
StandardD4448providesastandardguidetosamplingground-
means only that the document has been approved through the
water wells, and ASTM Standards D5903 and D6089 provide
ASTM consensus process.
guides for planning and documenting a sampling event.
Groundwater samples may require preservation (Guide
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6517), filtration (Guide D6564/D6564M), and measures to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pack and ship samples (Guide D6911). Standard D7069
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
provides guidance on the quality control and quality assurance
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ofsamplingevents.ASTMStandardD5092/D5092Mprovides
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
standardpracticeforthedesignandinstallationofgroundwater
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
monitoring wells,ASTM Standard D5521/D5521M provides a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 201
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7929 − 14 D7929 − 20
Standard Guide for
Selection of Passive Techniques for Sampling Groundwater
1
Monitoring Wells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7929; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This standard provides guidance and information on passive sampling techniques for collecting groundwater from
monitoring wells. Passive groundwater samplers are able to acquire a sample at a discrete depth or from the screen interval in a
2
well, without the active transport associated with a pump or purge technique (1). Passive groundwater sampling is a type of
no-purge groundwater sampling method where the samplers are left in the well for a predetermined period of time prior to
collecting the sample.
1.2 Methods for sampling monitoring wells include low-flow purging and sampling methods, traditional well-volume purging
and sampling methods, post-purge grab sampling methods (for example, using a bailer), passive no-purge sampling methods, and
active no-purge sampling methods such as using a bailer to collect a sample without purging the well. This guide focuses on passive
no-purge sampling methodologies for collecting groundwater samples. These methodologies include the use of diffusion samplers,
accumulation samplers, and passive-grab samplers. This guide provides information on the use, advantages, disadvantages, and
limitations of each of these passive sampling technologies.
1.3 ASTM Standard D653 provides standard terminology relevant to soil, rock, and fluids contained in them. ASTM Standard
D4448 provides a standard guide to sampling groundwater wells, and ASTM Standards D5903 and D6089 provide guides for
planning and documenting a sampling event. Groundwater samples may require preservation (Guide D6517), filtration (Guide
D6564D6564/D6564M), and measures to pack and ship samples (Guide D6911). Standard D7069 provides guidance on the quality
control and quality assurance of sampling events. ASTM Standard D5092D5092/D5092M provides standard practice for the design
and installation of groundwater monitoring wells, ASTM Standard D5521D5521/D5521M provides a standard guide for
developing groundwater monitoring wells in granular aquifers, and D6452 provides a standard guide for purging methods used in
groundwater quality investigations. Consult ASTM Standard D6724D6724/D6724M for a guide on the installation of direct-push
groundwater monitoring wells and ASTM Standard D6725D6725/D6725M for a guide on the installation of direct-push
groundwater monitoring wells with pre-pack screens.
1.4 The values stated in SI Units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in inches (such as with well diameters) are given
in parentheses, and are provided for information. Use of units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconforming with this
standard.
1.5 This guide provides information on passive groundwater sampling in general and also provides a series of considerations
when selecting a passive groundwater sampling method. However, it does not recommend a specific course of action, and not all
aspects of this guide may be applicable in all field situations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should
be used in conjunction with professional judgment. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care
by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration
of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2014Feb. 15, 2020. Published October 2014March 2020. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2
...
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