ASTM D3505-96(2000)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a simplified procedure for the measurement of density or relative density of pure liquid chemicals for which accurate temperature expansion functions are known. It is restricted to liquids having vapor pressures not exceeding 600 mm Hg (0.8 atm) at the equilibration temperature, and having viscosities not exceeding 15 cSt at 20oC (60oF).
1.2 Means are provided for reporting results in the following units:
Density g/cm3 at 20oC
Density g/ml at 20oC
Relative density 20oC/4oC
Relative density 60oF/60oF (15.56oC/15.56oC)
Commercial density, lb (in air)/U.S. gal at 60oF
Commercial density, lb (in air)/U.K. gal at 60oF.
Note 1--This test method is based on the old definition of 1 L = 1.000028 dm3 (1 mL = 1.000028 cm3). In 1964 the General Conference on Weights and Measures withdrew this definition of the litre and declared that the word "litre" was a special name for the cubic decimetre, thus making 1 mL = 1 cm3 exactly.Note 2--An alternative method for determining relative density of pure liquid chemicals is Test Method D4052.
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazard statements are given in 7.1.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3505 – 96 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesasimplifiedprocedureforthe 2.1 ASTM Standards:
measurement of density or relative density of pure liquid D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
chemicals for which accurate temperature expansion functions D1555 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight
areknown.Itisrestrictedtoliquidshavingvaporpressuresnot of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons
exceeding 600 mm Hg (0.8 atm) at the equilibration tempera- D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic
ture, and having viscosities not exceeding 15 cSt at 20°C Products
(60°F). D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
1.2 Means are provided for reporting results in the follow- Liquids by Digital Density Meter
ing units: E1 Specification of ASTM Thermometers
Density g/cm at 20°C E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
Density g/ml at 20°C of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Relative density 20°C/4°C E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Relative density 60°F/60°F (15.56°C/15.56°C) Determine Conformance with Specifications
Commercial density, lb (in air)/U.S. gal at 60°F 2.2 Other Document:
Commercial density, lb (in air)/U.K. gal at 60°F. OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR, paragraphs 1910.1000 and
1910.1200
NOTE 1—This test method is based on the old definition of 1
3 3
L=1.000028 dm (1 mL=1.000028 cm ). In 1964 the General Confer-
3. Terminology
ence on Weights and Measures withdrew this definition of the litre and
3.1 Definitions:
declared that the word “litre” was a special name for the cubic decimetre,
thus making 1 mL=1 cm exactly.
3.1.1 density—the mass of material per unit volume at a
NOTE 2—An alternative method for determining relative density of
given temperature called the “reference temperature.” Weight
pure liquid chemicals is Test Method D4052.
correctedtoastandardaccelerationofgravityandcorrectedfor
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test the buoyant effect of air is used to measure mass.This method
method: for purposes of determining conformance with this specifiestheuseofabeambalancetodetermineweightsothat
test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be no correction for variation in acceleration of gravity is neces-
rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit sary.When a torsion or spring balance is used, such correction
used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with must be applied.
the rounding-off method of PracticeE29. 3.1.2 relative density—the ratio of the density of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the material at reference temperature“ t” to the density of pure
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the water, in consistent units, at reference temperature t.Itis
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- common practice to use reference temperature t equal to t .
1 2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.2.1 Since the mass of water at 4°C is very close to 1
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard g/mL or 1 g/cm , it is common practice to set the reference
statements are given in 7.1.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Discontinued 1996; see 1995 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
Subcommittee D16.04 on Instrumental Analysis.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1996. Published March 1996. Originally Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
published as D3505–76. Last previous edition D3505–91. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3505 – 96 (2000)
temperature t for water at 4°C. When this is done and the 4.1 For materials listed in Table 1 the sample is drawn into
densityofthematerialisgiveningramspermillilitre,orgrams a weighed and calibrated bicapillary pycnometer. The filler
per cubic centimetre, the value of density is very nearly
pycnometer is allowed to come to equilibrium at any conve-
identicaltothevalueforrelativedensity.Thus,densityat20°C
nient temperature between 10 and 30°C (50 and 86°F). The
in g/cm or g/mL, is nearly identical with relative density
equilibriumtemperatureismeasuredtothenearest0.02°C.The
20°C/4°C.
weight is determined using a beam balance. The density,
3.1.3 commercial density—weight per unit volume without
relative density, or commercial density at the desired reference
correcting for the buoyant effect of air and is limited in this
temperature is then calculated from the sample weight, a
document to pounds (in air) per U.S. gallon at 60°F, or pounds
calibrationfactorproportionaltoanequalvolumeofwater,and
in air per U.K. gallon at 60°F. This is the density most
a multiplier which corrects for the buoyancy of air and the
commonly used in commercial transactions in the petroleum
change in volume of the pycnometer and the sample due to
and coal chemicals industry in the United States and Canada.
deviation from the chosen reference temperature.
3.2 The definitions included in TerminologyE12 are appli-
cable to this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 3—See Appendix for details on the method and derivation of
formulas.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3505 – 96 (2000)
TABLE I, PART I 20° C Reference Temperature Multiplier, F20, for use in Computing Density, 12.1
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3505 – 96 (2000)
TABLE I, PART I Continued
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3505 – 96 (2000)
TABLE I, PART II 60° F Reference Temperature Multiplier, F60, for use in Computing Density, 12.1
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3505 – 96 (2000)
TABLE I, PART II Continued
4.2 For liquids not listed in Table 1, the sample is equili- densityisthencalculatedfromthesampleweight,acalibration
brated at the desired reference temperature, usually 20°C or factor proportional to an equal volume of water and a term
60°F (15.56°C), the density, relative density, or commercial which corrects for the buoyancy of air. In the case of volatile
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3505 – 96 (2000)
liquidssuchaspentane,thetimebetweenreadingofvolumeat
the equilibrium temperature and weighing must not be pro-
longed, otherwise weight loss through evaporation may result
in errors.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specification, for
use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in develop-
mentorresearchworkonindustrialaromatichydrocarbonsand
related materials. In addition to the pure liquid chemicals for
which expansion functions are known, it may also be used for
liquidsforwhichtemperatureexpansiondataarenotavailable,
or for impure liquid chemicals if certain limitations are
observed. Information derived from this test can be used to
describe the relationship between weight and volume.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Pycnometer, 9 to 10-mL capacity, conforming to the
dimensions given in Fig. 1, constructed of borosilicate glass,
and having a total weight not exceeding 30 g.
6.2 Bath, having a depth of at least 300 mm, capable of
being maintained constant to 60.02°C at any convenient
temperature between 10°C (50°F) and 30°C (86°F). Provide a
support for the pycnometer (see Fig. 2) constructed of any
suitable noncorrosive metal.
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in inches.
FIG. 2 Pycnometer Holder
6.3 Bath Thermometer, An ASTM Precision Thermometer,
having a range from−8 to+32°C and conforming to the
requirements for Thermometer 63C as prescribed in Specifi-
cationE1.
7. Hazards
7.1 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Material
SafetyDataSheets,andlocalregulations,forallmaterialsused
in this test method.
8. Sampling
8.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice
D3437.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
NOTE 1—The graduation lines shall extend around the entire circum-
ferenceofthepycnometerattheintegralnumbers0,1,2cm,etc.,halfway
9.1 Acid Cleaning, for use when the pycnometer is to be
around at the half divisions 0.5, 1.5, etc., and shorter lines for the
calibrated or when liquid fails to drain cleanly from the walls
intermediate subdivisions.
of the pycnometer or its capillary. Thoroughly clean with hot
FIG. 1 Pycnometer
chromic acid solution and rinse well with reagent water
conforming toType III of Specification D1193. Other suitable
NOTE 4—If the laboratory air temperature does not vary more than
cleaning procedures may be used. Dry at 105 to 110°C for at
0.02°C during temperature equilibration a special bath is not needed.
least 1 h, preferably with a slow current of filtered air passing
through the pycnometer.
9.2 Solvent Cleaning,forusebetweendeterminations.Rinse
For a more complete discussion on the use of this design pycnometer, see
with toluene and then with anhydrous acetone, drying with a
Lipken, Davidson, Harvey and Kurtz, Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Analytical
Edition; Vol 16, 1944, p. 55. filtered stream of dry air.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3505 – 96 (2000)
10. Calibration of Apparatus 11. Procedure
11.1 Weigh the clean, dry pycnometer to 0.1 mg and record
10.1 UsingtheproceduredescribedinSection11,determine
the weight.
the weight of freshly boiled reagent water conforming to Type
11.2 With the sample at approximately the test temperature,
III of Specification D1193 held by the pycnometer with the
fill the pycnometer by holding it in an upright position and
water level at each of three different scale points on the
placing the hooked tip in the sample; the liquid will then be
graduated arms. Two of these water levels must be at opposite
drawn over the bend in the capillary by surface tension.Allow
ends of the scale. Make all weighings on the same day, using
thepycnometertofillbysiphoning(about1min)andbreakthe
the same balance and weights.
p
siphonwhentheliquidlevelinthebulbarmofthepycnometer
10.2 Calculate the volume, V , at each scale point tested
T
reaches the lowest graduation mark.
by means of the following equation; carry all calculations in 6
11.3 Thoroughly dry the wet tip. Wipe the body of the
non-zero digits and round to 4 decimal places:
pycnometer with a chemically clean, lint-free cloth slightly
p w w
Pycnometercapacity, V ,mL 5 A 3 ~W /d ! 1 B~T 2 t! (1)
T t
damp with water (Note 4) and weigh the filled pycnometer to
the nearest 0.1 mg.
where:
A = airbuoyancycoefficient,aconstantforthetempera-
NOTE 5—In atmospheres below 60% relative humidity, drying the
ture range involved=1.001064 pycnometer by rubbing with a dry cotton cloth will induce static charges
p
equivalent to a loss of about 1 mg or more in the weight of the
V = volume of pycnometer at reference temperature, T
T
w
pycnometer. This charge may not be completely dissipated in less than ⁄2
W = weightofwaterinair,containedinthepycnometer,
, and can be detected by touching the pycnometer to the wire hook in the
g
w
balance and then drawing it away slowly. If the pycnometer exhibits an
d = density of water at t (seeTable 2)
t
attraction for the wire hook, it may be considered to have a static charge.
t = test temperature, °C
T = reference temperature, 20°C or 15.56°C, and
11.4 Place the pycnometer in the holder in a constant-
B = volumetric coefficient of expansion of 9.5 mL of a
temperature bath held at any convenient temperature 10 and
−5
borosilicateglasspycnometer,9.26276 310 mL/
30°C within 60.02°C; for materials not listed in Table 1, hold
°C.
the bath exactly at the desired reference temperature, usually
10.3 Prepare a calibration curve by plotting apparent vol-
15.56°C or 20°C. When the liquid level has reached tempera-
ume, V , that is, the sum of the scale readings on the two arms tureequilibrium(usuallyinabout10min)andwhilestillinthe
A
of the pycnometer against the corresponding calculated vol-
bath, read the scale to the nearest 0.2 small division at the
p
ume, V . If a straight line cannot be drawn through the three liquid level in each arm.
T
points, discard the data and determine three additional points
sothatastraightcalibrationlinecanbedrawnsuchthatnodata
12. Calculation
point lies more than 0.0002-mL units from the line. If neither
12.1 Table 1 Materials—Compute the density or relative
set of data meets the condition, the diameters of the graduated
density, or both, by means of the following equations:
capillaryarmsarenotsufficientlyuniform,andthepycnometer
s
W
should be discarded.
Density,g/mLat60°F 5 3 F 10.00121 (2)
p 60
V
10.4 From the curve obtained, prepare a table of apparent
volume, V , (sum of scale readings of both arms), as apparent
A
p
s
volume against correspo
...
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