ASTM D189-06e2
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
Standard Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.
The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits a motor oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine, is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. For example, an ash-forming detergent additive may increase the carbon residue value of an oil yet will generally reduce its tendency to form deposits.
The carbon residue value of gas oil is useful as a guide in the manufacture of gas from gas oil, while carbon residue values of crude oil residuums, cylinder and bright stocks, are useful in the manufacture of lubricants.
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determining Conradson Carbon Residue
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D 482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).
Note 1—The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
Note 2—Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 524. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of petroleum products.
Note 3—The test results are equivalent to Test Method D 4530, (see Fig. X1.2).
Note 4—In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D 4046.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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British Standard 4380
´2
Designation:D189–06
Designation: 13/94
Standard Test Method for
1
Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D189; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Removed “asbestos” from 6.4 and reinstated original research report footnote editorially in October 2007.
2
´ NOTE—Updated Summary of Changes and added to research report footnote editorially in December 2008.
nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than
1. Scope*
observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheamount
the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in
of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis
the fuel can be detected by Test Method D4046.
of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally ap-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
plicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which
only.
partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
determined by Test Method D482 or IPMethod 4 will have an
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method
to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and 2. Referenced Documents
pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
Petroleum Products
NOTE 2—Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the
same as those obtained by Test Method D524. Approximate correlations D4046 Test Method for Alkyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels by
have been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials
Spectrophotometry
which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
variety of petroleum products.
Petroleum Products
NOTE 3—The test results are equivalent to Test Method D4530, (see
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
Fig. X1.2).
Products, and Lubricants
NOTE 4—In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
(Micro Method)
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originally
E133 Specification for Distillation Equipment
approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D189-05.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
Committee and is issued under the fixed designation IP 13. The final number 3. Terminology
indicatestheyearoflastrevision.ThistestmethodwasadoptedasajointASTM–IP
3.1 Definitions:
standard in 1964.
ThisprocedureisamodificationoftheoriginalConradsonmethodandapparatus
for Carbon Test and Ash Residue in Petroleum Lubricating Oils. See Proceedings,
Eighth International Congress of Applied Chemistry, New York, Vol 1, p. 131,
2
September 1912; also Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, IECHA, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Vol 4, No. 11, December 1912. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
In 1965, a new Fig. 2 on reproducibility and repeatability combiningASTM and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
IP precision data re
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
´2
Designation:D189–05 Designation: D 189 – 06 British Standard 4380
Designation: 13/94
Standard Test Method for
1
Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 189; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Removed “asbestos” from 6.4 and reinstated original research report footnote editorially in October 2007.
2
´ NOTE—Updated Summary of Changes and added to research report footnote editorially in December 2008.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of
an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable
torelativelynonvolatilepetroleumproductswhichpartiallydecomposeondistillationatatmosphericpressure.Petroleumproducts
containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D 482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon
residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).
NOTE 1—The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis
of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be
further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
NOTE 2—Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 524. Approximate correlations have
been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of
petroleum products.
NOTE 3—The test results are equivalent to Test Method D 4530, (see Fig. X1.2).
NOTE 4—In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed
in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be
detected by Test Method D 4046.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D 4046 Test Method for Alkyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels by Spectrophotometry
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.06 on
Analysis of Lubricants.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005.2006. Published November 2005.December 2006. Originally approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 20012005 as
D189-01. D 189-05.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee and is issued under the fixed designation IP 13. The final number indicates the year
of last revision. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM–IP standard in 1964.
This procedure is a modification of the original Conradson method and apparatus for CarbonTest andAsh Residue in Petroleum Lubricating Oils. See Proceedings, Eighth
International Congress of Applied Chemistry, New York, Vol 1, p. 131, September 1912; also Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, IECHA, Vol 4, No. 11,
December 1912.
In 1965, a new Fig. 2 on reproducibility and repeatability combining ASTM and IP precision data replaced old Fig. 2 and Note 4.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
v
...
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