ASTM F2898-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Permeability of Synthetic Turf Sports Field Base Stone and Surface System by Non-confined Area Flood Test Method
Standard Test Method for Permeability of Synthetic Turf Sports Field Base Stone and Surface System by Non-confined Area Flood Test Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to determine in-place permeability of synthetic turf playing field systems, playing field systems with pad and or premolded drainage boards, playing field systems with premolded panel base systems, porous and non porous pavement systems in order to confirm compliance with design specifications and or evaluate existing as-built conditions. The simplicity of the test method, the quickness of the procedure, and the limited requirement for special tools and apparatus’ makes this ideal for performing a large quantity of tests over a large area such as a sports field.
Synthetic turf field systems tend to drain under several flow regimes. The first flow regime is surface flow where water travels across the surface from typically higher elevations to lower elevations. The second flow regime is flow through the turf surface and base system. The third flow regime is lateral flow, which has two parts. Lateral flow within the section of the turf surface and lateral flow within the pre-molded drainage board, porous pavement and or base stone system below the turf. These are depicted diagrammatically in Fig. 1.
This test method can provide owners, designers and turf system builders with a clear indication of actual in-field permeability flow rates with limited effect of lateral flow through base systems and no effect from head pressure.
This test method can be used to determine the effectiveness of treatments intended to reduce the effect of hydrophobicity which has been known to decrease the permeability of some synthetic turf infill materials and components.
The observable performance of the test method enables one to determine permeability by both a quantitative and qualitative measure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method may be used to determine the permeability rate of synthetic turf playing field systems, playing field systems with pad or premolded drainage boards, or both, playing field systems with premolded panel base systems, porous and non porous pavement systems, or base stone systems in the field, or a combination thereof, by non-confined area flood test method. This system is suitable for use on the finish synthetic turf playing surface and on the stone base system below the playing system.
1.2 This test method is applicable for synthetic turf playing field systems and stone bases where system is designed for permeability through the synthetic turf surface and or through a base stone surface. It is also suitable for synthetic turf playing systems that are directly underlined with resilient and nonresilient pre-molded drainage boards systems and porous pavement base systems. The method tests a larger surface area than confined ring test methods and decreases the effect lateral flow within the surface and or stone base system due to the large increase in the ratio of test surface area to the synthetic turf playing system and stone base system thickness. The method is intended to more accurately mimic natural storm flow conditions by eliminating the effect of head pressure created by the water column height which creates a pressure flow condition at the surface of the test area that does not exist naturally.
1.3 This test method is intended for finish-graded and compacted stone or finished surfaces that are installed with cross-slope gradients of less than 2.0 % or under conditions where the effect of cross-slope is mitigated by high system permeability. High sloping systems tend to have high sloping base systems which may impact results due to increases in the lateral flow within the section caused increased hydraulic energy caused by larger slopes.
1.4 This test method is not applicable for conditions or locations in-which surface flow, due to high surface cross-slope or proximity, carries water flow from the test site to surface and subsurface drainage trenches or structures.
1.5 Further, this test method may be impacted if preformed directly after a signi...
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Designation:F2898 −11 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Permeability of Synthetic Turf Sports Field Base Stone and
Surface System by Non-confined Area Flood Test Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope orproximity,carrieswaterflowfromthetestsitetosurfaceand
subsurface drainage trenches or structures.
1.1 This test method may be used to determine the perme-
ability rate of synthetic turf playing field systems, playing field 1.5 Further, this test method may be impacted if preformed
directly after a significant rainfall event in cases where the
systems with pad or premolded drainage boards, or both,
playing field systems with premolded panel base systems, downstream capacity of the receiving drainage system is taxed
to the extent that water backs up in the downstream system.
porous and non porous pavement systems, or base stone
systems in the field, or a combination thereof, by non-confined
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
area flood test method. This system is suitable for use on the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
finish synthetic turf playing surface and on the stone base
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
system below the playing system.
and are not considered standard.
1.2 This test method is applicable for synthetic turf playing
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
field systems and stone bases where system is designed for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
permeability through the synthetic turf surface and or through
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
abasestonesurface.Itisalsosuitableforsyntheticturfplaying
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
systems that are directly underlined with resilient and nonre-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
silient pre-molded drainage boards systems and porous pave-
2. Referenced Documents
ment base systems. The method tests a larger surface area than
confined ring test methods and decreases the effect lateral flow
2.1 ASTM Standards:
within the surface and or stone base system due to the large
F1551 Test Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of
increase in the ratio of test surface area to the synthetic turf
Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces and Materials
playing system and stone base system thickness.The method is
3. Terminology
intended to more accurately mimic natural storm flow condi-
tions by eliminating the effect of head pressure created by the
3.1 Definitions:
water column height which creates a pressure flow condition at
3.1.1 area of test site, n—the area of test site is the surface
the surface of the test area that does not exist naturally.
area in square feet of the test site area.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This surface area represents an ap-
1.3 This test method is intended for finish-graded and
proximated and simplified shape of equal area such as a
compacted stone or finished surfaces that are installed with
rectangle that includes the full wetted area. Small fingers of
cross-slope gradients of less than 2.0 % or under conditions
non-wetted surface within the wetted area shall be ignored in
where the effect of cross-slope is mitigated by high system
the surface approximation. It is assumed that these small
permeability. High sloping systems tend to have high sloping
fingers of non-wetted area are wetted below the surface within
base systems which may impact results due to increases in the
the test site.
lateral flow within the section caused increased hydraulic
energy caused by larger slopes.
3.1.2 dry surface, n—a dry surface after testing or saturation
is defined as follows:
1.4 This test method is not applicable for conditions or
locationsin-whichsurfaceflow,duetohighsurfacecross-slope 3.1.2.1 dry stone base surface, n—a surface where water is
no longer visible as ponded water on or above the surface of
the stone.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee F08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published April 2011. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
F2898-11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2898−11
3.1.2.2 Discussion—After saturation or testing the surface source with a relatively constant flow to determine test flow
will be moist and water may be visible within the surface rate, and which is then allowed to overflow the container at the
voids. calculated flow rate onto the test site area in an unconfined
3.1.2.3 dry synthetic turf surface, n—a surface where water manner. The amount of time, in seconds, required to fill the
is no longer visible on the surface, and water will no longer container to the point of overtopping (overflowing) is set as the
pump to the surface when walked upon. 5-gal flow rate of the test.
4.2 The container shall be leveled using the water level
3.1.2.4 Discussion—After saturation or testing the surface
across the top of the container as the gauge. Leveling the
will be moist and water maybe visible within the fiber and or
container is accomplished using wood wedges, shims or
infill matrix.
similar devices. This leveling is intended to allow a somewhat
3.1.3 flow rate control valve, n—located between the on-off
uniform flow overtopping the full circumference of the top
valve at the outlet hose and the water supply source valve, it is
edge of the container.
intended to allow the flow rate to be throttled back to a lower
flow rate if needed.
4.3 A splash board made of plywood or other material can
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Thissecondaryvalveisneededincases
be placed below the container to control the erosive forces
where the unmodified source flow rate exceeds 10 gal per
associated with the falling water on the test surface. This is not
minute. A flow rate of 10 gal per minute will fill the 5-gal
required however may be helpful during the procedure.
container in 30 s which makes the procedure subject to flow
4.4 The test site area is pre-saturated by a volume of
rate errors due to the time necessary to open flow and record
approximately 50 US gal (189.5 L) of water which has
times.Thesecondaryvalveisnecessarytomitigatesucherrors.
overflowed the container onto the surface and allowed to
3.1.4 hydrophobicity, n—the physical property of a mol-
spread in an unconfined manner. This volume of water is then
ecule that is repelled from a mass of water.
allowed to dissipate into the surface system or stone base until
3.1.4.1 hydrophobic, n—materials that repel water and may
the surface is considered to be a dry surface. The 50 US gal
prevent water molecules from passing through a field cross- (189.5 L) volume is metered based on the multiplying the time
section.
to fill the 5 gal container by a factor of 10.0. The 50 US gal
(189.5 L) volume represents a volume equivalent to 1.0 in.
3.1.5 on-off valve, n—located on the discharge end of the
(25.4 mm) of rain, applied without the effect of a hydraulic
hosenearesttothewaterdischargepoint,itwillallowthetester
2 2
head, over an 80 ft (7.43 m ) area. At the point when the
to turn the water from the fully off position to the fully open
pre-wetted area on the surface is considered a dry surface the
position with minimal variation in flow during the period that
site is considered pre-saturated and ready for the 25 gal test
the valve is turned from the open to closed positions or vice a
volume.
versa.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—A quarter turn ball valve or similar
4.5 The site is then flooded by the unconfined container
quick on-off valve must be used at this location.
overflowof25USgal(94.75L)ofwaterwhichhasoverflowed
the container onto the surface and allowed to spread in an
3.1.6 permeability, n—a measure of the ability of a porous
unconfined manner. This volume of water is then allowed to
material to transmit fluids.
dissipate into the surface system or stone base until the surface
3.1.6.1 Discussion—For the purpose of this standard, per-
is considered to be a dry surface. The 25 US gal (94.75 L)
meability applies to transmission of water both vertically and
volume is metered based on the multiplying the time to fill 5
horizontally through a system.
gal container by a factor of 5.0. The 25 US gal (94.75 L)
3.1.7 surface system, n—the finish grade top surface of the
volume represents an approximate volume equivalent to 0.5 in.
synthetic turf playing field and any resilient padding and or
(12.7 mm) of rain, applied without the effect of a hydraulic
pre-molded drainage boards and or pre-molded panel base
2 2
head, over an 80 ft (7.43 m ) area. The inclusive time period
systems located directly below the synthetic turf carpet.
in seconds, from the start of container overflow to the point
3.1.8 surfactant, n—wetting agents that lower the surface
when the wetted surface of the test area is considered to be a
tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the
dry surface, is recorded. This time period is identified as the
interfacial tension between water molecules and other materi-
time to dry.The wetted surface area of the test site is measured
als. Surfactants can be used to reduce hydrophobicity.
to determine the area of test site. Using the measured area of
3.1.9 test flow rate, n—the water flow rate of the water
the test site and the actual volume of the 25 US gal test, a
supply at the hose outlet for the water source used during the
permeability rate is calculated.
test period.
5. Significance and Use
3.1.10 test site area, n—the area observed during the test to
be wetted as a result of the 25-gal test procedure.
5.1 This test method can be used to determine in-place
3.1.11 water supply source valve, n—the shutoff valve or permeability of synthetic turf playing field systems, playing
hose bib at the source. field systems with pad and or premolded drainage boards,
playing field systems with premolded panel base systems,
4. Summary of Test Method
porous and non porous pavement systems in order to confirm
4.1 A plastic or other waterproof lightweight material con- compliance with design specifications and or evaluate existing
tainer of 5 US gal (18.95 L), full volume, is filled using a water as-built conditions. The simplicity of the test method, the
F2898−11
quickness of the procedure, and the limited requirement for
special tools and apparatus’ makes this ideal for performing a
large quantity of tests over a large area such as a sports field.
5.2 Synthetic turf field systems tend to drain under several
flowregimes.Thefirstflowregimeissurfaceflowwherewater
travels across the surface from typically higher elevations to
lower elevations. The second flow regime is flow through the
turf surface and base system. The third flow regime is lateral
flow,whichhastwoparts.Lateralflowwithinthesectionofthe
turf surface and lateral flow within the pre-molded drainage
board, porous pavement and or base stone system below the
turf. These are depicted diagrammatically in Fig. 1.
5.3 This test method can provide owners, designers and turf
system builders with a clear indication of actual in-field
permeability flow rates with limited effect of lateral flow
through base systems and no effect from head pressure.
5.4 This test method can be used to determine the effective-
ness of treatments intended to reduce the effect of hydropho-
bicity which has been known to decrease the permeability of
some synthetic turf infill materials and components.
5.5 The observable performance of the test method enables
one to determine permeability by both a quantitative and
qualitative measure.
FIG. 2Test Container Diagram
6. Interferences
recorded in the test report. Volume shall be measured to the
6.1 The test site should be free from surface drains or other
nearest 0.1 US gal (0.4 L).
conditions that would result in nonrepresentative permeability
rates.Otherconditionssuchasopengradedcleanstonedirectly
NOTE2—Foreaseofcalculation,thecontainervolumecanbemeasured
exposed at the surface would be expected to impact the test
and a base fill line near the container bottom representing the excess
results. volume over the 5.0 gal quantity can be added to allow the testing volume
tobeconsistently5.0gal.Inthiscase,thebasefilllinerepresentsthepoint
6.2 In fields where collector piping backfill is open-graded
at which 5.0 gal of volume is above the line.
and brought to the stone surface, care should be taken to
7.1.3 The container should be equipped with a suitable
located test sites such that impact from these areas is avoided
handle for moving the full bucket into and out of the test site.
or clearly noted in the test report.
NOTE3—Itisrecommendedthatwaterfromthecontainernotbepoured
7. Apparatus onto the test site until the procedure is completed and that care should be
taken to avoid damaging fine graded surfaces by aggressively pouring
7.1 Plastic Container, with a measured and confirmed
excess water from the container onto the test area.
volume of approximately 5 US gal (18.95 L). See Fig. 2.
7.2 Constant Water Source:
7.1.1 The container shall be container clean of any debris or
7.2.1 Asourceofwatercapableofsupplyingaconstantflow
chemicals that may act as a surfactant.
rate throughout the test period must be used. Water supplies,
NOTE 1—Soap residue can act as a surfactant which may reduce
whether public, private well or construction tank tend to vary
hydrophobicity and impact the results of the test method.
over time and must be measured and reconfirmed for each test
7.1.2 The container volume must be measured and con- and test location. This method requires that for each test a new
firmed prior to the test and the actual measured volume time to fill the container must be obtained. Should a test be
FIG. 1Basic Flow Regime Diagram
F2898−11
delayed such that the period of time between the time to fill 7.5 Tape Measure—The tape measure must be capable of
measurement and the actual test is greater than one hour the measuring lengths of up to 25 ft (7.62 m) to the nearest inch
time to fi
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