ASTM E1930/E1930M-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Examination of Liquid-Filled Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Metal Storage Tanks Using Acoustic Emission
Standard Practice for Examination of Liquid-Filled Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Metal Storage Tanks Using Acoustic Emission
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 General—This procedure is used for evaluation of the structural integrity of atmospheric storage tanks. The AE method can detect flaws which are in locations that are stressed during pressurization. Such locations include the tank wall, welds attaching pads to the tank, nozzle attachments, and welds attaching circumferential stiffeners to the tank. Among the potential sources of acoustic emission are:
5.1.1 In both parent metal and weld associated regions:
5.1.1.1 Cracks,
5.1.1.2 The effect of corrosion, including cracking of corrosion products or local yielding,
5.1.1.3 Stress corrosion cracking,
5.1.1.4 Certain physical changes, including yielding and dislocations,
5.1.1.5 Embrittlement, and
5.1.1.6 Pits and gouges.
5.1.2 In weld associated regions:
5.1.2.1 Incomplete fusion,
5.1.2.2 Lack of penetration,
5.1.2.3 Undercuts, and
5.1.2.4 Voids and porosity.
5.1.2.5 Inclusions:
5.1.2.6 Contamination.
5.1.3 In parent metal:
5.1.3.1 Laminations.
5.1.4 In brittle linings:
5.1.4.1 Cracks,
5.1.4.2 Chips, and
5.1.4.3 Inclusions.
Note 1: Not all of these sources are typically encountered in field examination, some are detected under laboratory conditions.
5.2 Accuracy of the results from this practice can be influenced by factors related to setup and calibration of instrumentation, background noise, material properties and characteristics of an examined structure.
5.3 The outcome of this practice is to determine if the tank is suitable for service or if follow-up NDT is needed before that determination can be made.
5.4 Unstressed Areas—Flaws in unstressed areas and passive flaws (those that are structurally insignificant under the applied load) will not generate AE. Such locations can include the roof and certain welds associated with platforms, ladders, and stairways.
5.5 Passive Flaws (in Stressed Areas)—Some flaws in stressed areas might not generate acoustic emission during stressing. This usually means that t...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of new and in-service aboveground storage tanks of the type used for storage of liquids.
1.2 This practice will detect acoustic emission in areas of sensor coverage that are stressed during the course of the examination. For flat-bottom tanks these areas will generally include the sidewalls (and roof if pressure is applied above the liquid level). The examination may not detect flaws on the bottom of flat-bottom tanks unless sensors are located on the bottom.
1.3 This practice may require that the tank experience a load that is greater than that encountered in normal use. The normal contents of the tank can usually be used for applying this load.
1.4 This practice is not valid for tanks that will be operated at a pressure greater than the examination pressure.
1.5 It is not necessary to drain or clean the tank before performing this examination.
1.6 This practice applies to tanks made of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and other metals.
1.7 This practice may also detect defects in tank linings (for example, high-bulk, phenolics and other brittle materials).
1.8 AE measurements are used to detect and localize emission sources. Other NDT methods may be used to confirm the nature and significance of the AE indications (s). Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this practice.
1.9 Examination liquid must be above its freezing temperature and below its boiling temperature.
1.10 Superimposed internal or external pressures must not exceed design pressure.
1.11 Leaks may be found during the course of this examination but their detection is not the intention of this practice.
1.12 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the o...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1930/E1930M − 17
Standard Practice for
Examination of Liquid-Filled Atmospheric and Low-Pressure
1
Metal Storage Tanks Using Acoustic Emission
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1930/E1930M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.11 Leaks may be found during the course of this exami-
nation but their detection is not the intention of this practice.
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for acoustic emission
(AE) examinations of new and in-service aboveground storage 1.12 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
tanks of the type used for storage of liquids. poundunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesstatedin
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
1.2 This practice will detect acoustic emission in areas of
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
sensor coverage that are stressed during the course of the
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
examination. For flat-bottom tanks these areas will generally
with the standards.
include the sidewalls (and roof if pressure is applied above the
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the
liquid level). The examination may not detect flaws on the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bottom of flat-bottom tanks unless sensors are located on the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bottom.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.3 Thispracticemayrequirethatthetankexperienceaload
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
that is greater than that encountered in normal use. The normal
tionary statements are given in Section 8.
contents of the tank can usually be used for applying this load.
1.14 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.4 This practice is not valid for tanks that will be operated
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
at a pressure greater than the examination pressure.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.5 It is not necessary to drain or clean the tank before
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
performing this examination.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.6 This practice applies to tanks made of carbon steel,
stainless steel, aluminum and other metals.
2. Referenced Documents
1.7 This practice may also detect defects in tank linings (for
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
example, high-bulk, phenolics and other brittle materials).
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
1.8 AE measurements are used to detect and localize emis-
Testing
sion sources. Other NDT methods may be used to confirm the
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
nature and significance of the AE indications (s). Procedures
Sensors
forotherNDTtechniquesarebeyondthescopeofthispractice.
E976 GuideforDeterminingtheReproducibilityofAcoustic
Emission Sensor Response
1.9 Examination liquid must be above its freezing tempera-
E1106 Test Method for Primary Calibration of Acoustic
ture and below its boiling temperature.
Emission Sensors
1.10 Superimposed internal or external pressures must not
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
exceed design pressure.
E1781 Practice for Secondary Calibration ofAcoustic Emis-
sion Sensors
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on
2
Acoustic Emission Method. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1930 - 12. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1930_E1930M-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1930/E1930M − 17
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance 4.3 Report—The report documents results of theAE exami-
Verification nation and other important information. The report also pro-
vides recomme
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1930/E1930M − 12 E1930/E1930M − 17
Standard Practice for
Examination of Liquid-Filled Atmospheric and Low-Pressure
1
Metal Storage Tanks Using Acoustic Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1930/E1930M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of new and in-service aboveground storage tanks
of the type used for storage of liquids.
1.2 This practice will detect acoustic emission in areas of sensor coverage that are stressed during the course of the examination.
For flat-bottom tanks these areas will generally include the sidewalls (and roof if pressure is applied above the liquid level). The
examination may not detect flaws on the bottom of flat-bottom tanks unless sensors are located on the bottom.
1.3 This practice may require that the tank experience a load that is greater than that encountered in normal use. The normal
contents of the tank can usually be used for applying this load.
1.4 This practice is not valid for tanks that will be operated at a pressure greater than the examination pressure.
1.5 It is not necessary to drain or clean the tank before performing this examination.
1.6 This practice applies to tanks made of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and other metals.
1.7 This practice may also detect defects in tank linings (for example, high-bulk, phenolics and other brittle materials).
1.8 AE measurements are used to detect and localize emission sources. Other NDT methods may be used to confirm the nature
and significance of the AE indications (s). Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this practice.
1.9 Examination liquid must be above its freezing temperature and below its boiling temperature.
1.10 Superimposed internal or external pressures must not exceed design pressure.
1.11 Leaks may be found during the course of this examination but their detection is not the intention of this practice.
1.12 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standards.
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
1.14 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
E1106 Test Method for Primary Calibration of Acoustic Emission Sensors
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Acoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved June 15, 2012June 1, 2017. Published July 2012June 2017. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
E1930 - 07.E1930 - 12. DOI: 10.1520/E1930_E1930M-12.10.1520/E1930_E1930M-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1930/E1930M − 17
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1781 Practice for Secondary Cal
...
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