ASTM E6-09b

Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general definitions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.  
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E 1823.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-May-2009
• ICS: 01.040.19 - Testing (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.91 - Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E6-09a - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM E6-09be1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM A135/A135M-21 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F2706-18 - Standard Test Methods for Occipital-Cervical and Occipital-Cervical-Thoracic Spinal Implant Constructs in a Vertebrectomy Model
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1259-21 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1275-18 - Standard Test Method for Monotonic Tensile Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with Solid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Specimens at Ambient Temperature
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F2346-18 - Standard Test Methods for Static and Dynamic Characterization of Spinal Artificial Discs
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1366-19 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1360-17 - Standard Practice for Constant-Amplitude, Axial, Tension-Tension Cyclic Fatigue of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F2842-20 - Standard Specification for Reins Used in Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse Racing
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D953-19 - Standard Test Method for Pin-Bearing Strength of Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E468/E468M-23 - Standard Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fatigue Test Results for Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7522/D7522M-21 - Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength for FRP Laminate Systems Bonded to Concrete or Masonry Substrates
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7958/D7958M-17 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance for FRP Composite Bonded to Concrete Substrate using Beam Test
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C565-15(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E6 – 09b
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Methods of Mechanical Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E6; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope termofinterestisrelatedtoorisgivenbelowthedefinitionfor
the fundamental term cited.
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to
Term
methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general defini-
angular strain see strain
tions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make
axial strain see strain
them particularly applicable and practicable for use in stan-
bending strain see strain
chord modulus see modulus of elasticity
dards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These defini-
direct verification see verification
tions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in
compressive stress see stress
product specifications.
elastic constants see modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s
ratio
1.2 Termsrelatingtofatigueandfracturetestingaredefined
elastic modulus see modulus of elasticity
in Terminology E1823.
engineering strain see strain
engineering stress see stress
2. Referenced Documents
fracture stress see stress
indirect verification see verification
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
linear (tensile or compressive) strain see strain
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic macrostrain see strain
malleability see ductility
Materials
microstrain see strain
3
E796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
modulus of rigidity see modulus of elasticity
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Test-
nominal stress see stress
normal stress see stress
ing
physical properties see mechanical properties
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
pin see mandrel (in bend testing)
ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 International Vocabulary of
plunger see mandrel (in bend testing)
principal stress see stress
metrology—Basic and general concepts and terms (VIM)
residual strain see strain
residual stress see stress
3. Index of Cross-References and Associated Definitions
Rockwell superficial see Rockwell hardness number
hardness number
3.1 The terms listed below are associated with terminology
secant modulus see modulus of elasticity
that is fundamental or commonly used. The definition for the
shear strain see strain
shear stress see stress
static fatigue strength see creep rupture strength
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
strain gauge fatigue life see fatigue life
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.91 on
stress-rupture strength see creep rupture strength
Terminology except where designated otherwise. A subcommittee designation in
tangent modulus see modulus of elasticity
parenthesesfollowingadefinitionindicatesthesubcommitteewithresponsibilityfor
tensile stress see stress
that definition.
torsional modulus see modulus of elasticity
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally torsional stress see stress
approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E6–09a. DOI: transverse strain see strain
true strain see strain
10.1520/E0006-09B.
2
true stress see stress
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ultimate tensile strength (UTS) see tensile strength
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
yield strength see also upper yield strength and lower
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
yield strength
the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org.
4
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E6 – 09b
4. Terminology Brinell hardness number, HB , n—indentation hardness test
in which a number proportional to the quotient obtained by
4.1 Terms and Definitions:
dividing the test force by the curved surface area of the
accuracy, n—the permissible variation from the correct value.
indentation which is assumed to be sphereical and of the
(E28.01)
diameter of the ball.
alignment, n—the condition of a testing machine and load
2 2 –1 2
/
HBW 50.10232F/pD[D– ~D – d ! (1)
train (including the test specimen) that influences the intro-
duction of bending moments into a specimen during tensile
where:
loading. (E28.0
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E6–09a Designation:E6–09b
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Methods of Mechanical Testing
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE6;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids.The general definitions are
restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or
relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E1823.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 International Vocabulary of metrology—Basic and general concepts and terms (VIM)
3. Index of Cross-References and Associated Definitions
3.1 The terms listed below are associated with terminology that is fundamental or commonly used. The definition for the term
of interest is related to or is given below the definition for the fundamental term cited.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.91 on Terminology
except where designated otherwise. A subcommittee designation in parentheses following a definition indicates the subcommittee with responsibility for that definition.
Current edition approved April 1,May 15, 2009. Published AprilJune 2009. Originally approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E6–09a.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E6–09b
Term
angular strain see strain
axial strain see strain
bending strain see strain
chord modulus see modulus of elasticity
direct verification see verification
compressive stress see stress
elastic constants see modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s
ratio
elastic modulus see modulus of elasticity
engineering strain see strain
engineering stress see stress
fracture stress see stress
indirect verification see verification
linear (tensile or compressive) strain see strain
macrostrain see strain
malleability see ductility
microstrain see strain
modulus of rigidity see modulus of elasticity
nominal stress see stress
normal stress see stress
physical properties see mechanical properties
pin see mandrel (in bend testing)
plunger see mandrel (in bend testing)
principal stress see stress
residual strain see strain
residual stress see stress
Rockwell superficial see Rockwell hardness number
hardness number
secant modulus see modulus of elasticity
shear strain see strain
shear stress see stress
static fatigue strength see creep rupture strength
strain gauge fatigue life see fatigue life
stress-rupture strength see creep rupture strength
tangent modulus see modulus of elasticity
tensile stress see stress
torsional modulus see modulus of elasticity
torsional stress see stress
transverse strain see strain
true strain see strain
true stress see stress
ultimate tensile strength (UTS) see tensile strength
yield strength see also upper yield strength and lower
yield strength
2

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
E6–09b
4. Terminology
4.1 Terms and Definitions:
accuracy, n—the permissible variation from the correct value. (E28.01)
alignment, n—the condition of a testing machine and load train (including the test specimen) that influences the introduction of
bending moments into a specimen during tensile loading. (E28.04)
angle of bend, n—the change in the angle between the two legs of the spec
...