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ASTM D3078-94

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Leaks in Flexible Packaging by Bubble Emission

Standard Test Method for Determination of Leaks in Flexible Packaging by Bubble Emission

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of gross leaks in flexible packaging containing a headspace gas. Test sensitivity is limited to 1 X 10 -5  atm cm3/s (1 X 10 -6  Pa m3/s).
1.2 Small leaks may not be detected by this procedure. Viscoelastic effects on the products, or entrapped air, become significant and prevent passage through small openings. Positive pressure inside the pouch after the vacuum is drawn may force the product to plug small leaks. The size of the leak that can be detected is dependent upon the products contained, the nature of the packaging material, and the test parameters selected.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1993
ICS
55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
Technical Committee
F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
Drafting Committee
F02.30 - Mechanical Dispensers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D3078-02 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Leaks in Flexible Packaging by Bubble Emission
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002

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ASTM D3078-94 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Leaks in Flexible Packaging by Bubble EmissionASTM D3078-94 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Leaks in Flexible Packaging by Bubble Emission
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ASTM D3078-94 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Leaks in Flexible Packaging by Bubble Emission
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3078 – 94
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Leaks in Flexible Packaging by Bubble
1
Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3078; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ential, fitted with a vacuum-tight cover. A vacuum gage, an
inlet tube from a source of vacuum, and an outlet tube to the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of gross leaks
atmosphere shall be connected to the chamber cover. The inlet
in flexible packaging containing a headspace gas. Test sensi-
−5 3 −6 3
and outlet tubes shall be equipped with hand valves. Attached
tivity is limited to 1 3 10 atm cm /s (1 3 10 Pa m /s).
to the underside of the cover shall be a transparent plate that
1.2 Small leaks may not be detected by this procedure.
will closely approximate the inside dimensions of the container
Viscoelastic effects on the products, or entrapped air, become
and be such a distance from the top of the container that when
significant and prevent passage through small openings. Posi-
it is two-thirds filled with fluid, the attached plate will be
tive pressure inside the pouch after the vacuum is drawn may
positioned 1 in. (25 mm) under the fluid.
force the product to plug small leaks. The size of the leak that
can be detected is dependent upon the products contained, the
6. Materials
nature of the packaging material, and the test parameters
6.1 Immersion Fluids—Use an immersion fluid which does
selected.
not degrade the package being tested. Fluids with a low surface
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tension are generally more sensitive. Examples include water,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
water treated with a wetting agent, denatured alcohol, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mineral oil. Other possible fluids are listed in Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E 515 and Practices F 98.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
7. Sampling
2. Referenced Documents
7.1 The number of specimens used in the test sample may
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
be varied according to the nature of the product, its cost, its
E 425 Terminology Relating to Leak Testing
size, and whether the specimens are taken from a production
E 515 Test Method for Leaks Using Bubble Emission Tech-
2
line in a normal packaging operation, or are few in number, or
niques
are to be used only for purposes of comparative evaluation of
F 98 Practices for Determining Hermiticity of Electron
3
procedures or materials.
Devices by a Bubble Test
8. Test Specimen
3. Terminology
8.1 Flexible Package, with or without its intended contents.
3.1 Definition:
3.1.1 leak—any opening in a flexible package that, contrary
9. Conditioning
to intention, either allows the contents to escape or substances
9.1 The test sample and test fluid shall be at equilibrium
to enter.
with normal room temperature.
4.
10. Procedure
5. Apparatus
10.1 Submerge the specimen in fluid contained in the vessel
5.1 Vacuum Chamber—Any transparent container capable
within the vacuum chamber. The uppermost surface of the
of withstanding approximately one atmosphere pressure differ- specimen shall be covered by not less than 1 in. (25 mm) of
fluid.
NOTE 1—Two or more small packages may be tested at the same time,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-2 on Flexible
provided that they are placed in such a manner that all parts of every
Barrier Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.30 on Test
package under test can be observed for leakage during the test.
Methods.
Current edition approved March 15, 1994. Published May 1994. Originally
10.2 Set the cover on the vacuum chamber, close the outlet
published as D 3078 – 72. Last previous edition D 3078 – 84.
2
valve, and turn on the vacuum so that the gage rises slowly
Discontinued; see 1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
3
Discontinued; see 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.04. (approximately 1 in. Hg/s) to a selected vacuum level. The
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superseded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or
discontinued.¬Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
D 3078
vacuum level chosen should be as large as possible in order to 12.1.1 A statement that the test was co
...

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