ASTM B581-17(2023)

Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron-Molybdenum-Copper Alloy Rod

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum-copper alloy rods (UNS N06007, N06975, N06985, N06030, and N08031), hot- or cold-finished, solution annealed, ground, or turned, for use in general corrosive service. Heat and product (check) analysis of the alloy shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for nickel, chromium, iron, molybdenum, copper, manganese, cobalt, carbon, tungsten, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, columbium and tantalum, titanium, and nitrogen. The material shall conform to the specified straightness criteria and to the mechanical property requirements including tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation, as determined by tension test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers rod of Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo-Cu alloys (UNS N06007, N06975, N06985, N06030, N08031, and N08034)3 as shown in Tables 1-3, for use in general corrosive service.    
1.2 The following products are covered under this specification:  
1.2.1 Rods 5/16 in. to 3/4 in. (7.94 mm to 19.05 mm) excl in diameter, hot- or cold-finished, solution annealed and pickled or mechanically descaled.  
1.2.2 Rods 3/4 in. to 31/2 in. (19.05 mm to 88.9 mm) incl in diameter, hot- or cold-finished, solution annealed, ground or turned.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2023
• ICS: 77.150.40 - Nickel and chromium products
• Technical Committee: B02 - Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
• Drafting Committee: B02.07 - Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E29-08 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM B880-03(2008) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and Cobalt Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Refers: ASTM E29-06b - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2006
• Refers: ASTM E29-06a - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2006
• Refers: ASTM E29-06 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2006
• Refers: ASTM E55-91(2005) - Standard Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2005
• Refers: ASTM E29-04 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2004
• Refers: ASTM E8-04 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Refers: ASTM E1473-03 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Refers: ASTM E1473-94a(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Refers: ASTM B880-03 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys, and Cobalt Alloys
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Refers: ASTM E8-03 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Refers: ASTM E29-02e1 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 10-May-2002
• Refers: ASTM E8-01e1 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Refers: ASTM E8-01e2 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001

Overview

ASTM B581-17(2023) is the international standard specification for nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum-copper (Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo-Cu) alloy rods designed for general corrosive service. Developed by ASTM International, this standard covers both hot- and cold-finished rods that are solution annealed, ground, or turned. The specification applies to alloys including UNS N06007, N06975, N06985, N06030, N08031, and N08034, with established requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties, straightness, and dimensional tolerances. Its comprehensive approach ensures robust quality and reliability for various industrial applications where corrosion resistance is critical.

Key Topics

• Material Scope: Covers solid, round nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum-copper alloy rods in specific diameters ranging from 5/16 inch to 3 1/2 inches (7.94 mm to 88.9 mm).
• Alloy Grades: Specifies composition for alloys such as UNS N06007, N06975, N06985, N06030, N08031, and N08034, each with precise limits for nickel, chromium, iron, molybdenum, copper, and trace elements.
• Product Forms:
  • Hot- or cold-finished
  • Solution annealed
  • Ground, turned, pickled, or mechanically descaled options
• Chemical Composition Requirements: Strict adherence to defined limits for key elements, ensuring material compatibility in corrosive environments.
• Mechanical Properties: Mandates minimum values for tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation, as verified by tension testing.
• Straightness & Tolerances: Prescribes criteria for straightness, diameter, out-of-roundness, and permissible variations in length.
• Inspection and Testing: Detailed guidance for sampling, test frequency, retesting protocols, and certification requirements to guarantee conformity.
• Marking and Identification: Outlines specific marking of rods and shipping containers with alloy designation, specification number, and physical dimensions for traceability.

Applications

The ASTM B581-17(2023) standard is highly relevant to industries and projects where durable, corrosion-resistant materials are vital for performance and safety:

• Chemical Processing: Used in reactors, vessels, piping, and structural supports exposed to aggressive chemicals.
• Oil & Gas: Applied in components such as fasteners, shafts, and downhole tools that must withstand harsh, corrosive environments.
• Petrochemical Industry: Essential for high-performance equipment operating in severe service conditions.
• Power Generation: Suited for use in heat exchangers, boiler parts, and systems where both strength and corrosion resistance are necessary.
• Marine Engineering: Useful for hardware and structural elements exposed to seawater or brine due to superior resistance to chloride-induced corrosion.
• General Engineering: Applied in any setting that demands nickel alloy rods with verified chemical and mechanical properties to ensure longevity and safety.

Related Standards

For consistency and compatibility within engineering and procurement practices, users of ASTM B581-17(2023) should be aware of several related standards:

• ASTM B880 – General requirements for chemical check analysis limits for nickel, nickel alloys, and cobalt alloys.
• ASTM E8/E8M – Test methods for tension testing of metallic materials.
• ASTM E29 – Practice for using significant digits in test data.
• ASTM E55 – Practice for sampling wrought nonferrous metals and alloys for chemical analysis.
• ASTM E1473 – Test methods for chemical analysis of nickel, cobalt, and high-temperature alloys.
• ASME SB-581 – Equivalent specification for use in boiler and pressure vessel code applications.

By adhering to ASTM B581-17(2023) and its related standards, manufacturers and end users can ensure reliable product performance and consistent quality for nickel alloy rods in demanding corrosive environments.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B581 − 17 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
Nickel-Chromium-Iron-Molybdenum-Copper Alloy Rod
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers rod of Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo-Cu al-
B880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical
loys (UNS N06007, N06975, N06985, N06030, N08031, and
Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and
N08034) as shown in Tables 1-3, for use in general corrosive
Cobalt Alloys
service.
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
1.2 The following products are covered under this specifi-
[Metric] E0008_E0008M
cation:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
5 3
1.2.1 Rods ⁄16 in. to ⁄4 in. (7.94 mm to 19.05 mm) excl in Determine Conformance with Specifications
E55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and
diameter, hot- or cold-finished, solution annealed and pickled
Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition
or mechanically descaled.
E1473 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel,
3 1
1.2.2 Rods ⁄4 in. to 3 ⁄2 in. (19.05 mm to 88.9 mm) incl in
Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
diameter, hot- or cold-finished, solution annealed, ground or
turned.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.1 rod, n—material of round solid section furnished in
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only straight lengths.
and are not considered standard.
4. Ordering Information
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specification. Examples of such requirements include, but are
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
not limited to the following:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.1 Alloy—Table 1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1.2 Dimensions—Nominal diameter and length. The
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
shortest useable multiple length shall be specified (Table 4).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1.3 Certification—State if certification or a report of test
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
results is required (Section 16).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1.4 Purchaser Inspection—State which tests or inspec-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tions are to be witnessed (Section 14).
4.1.5 Samples for Product (Check) Analysis—State whether
samples shall be furnished (10.2.2).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on
5. Chemical Composition
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B02.07 on Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys.
5.1 Heat Analysis—The material shall conform to the com-
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
position limits specified in Table 1.
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as B581 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/B0581-17R23.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cation SB-581 in Section II of that Code. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
New designation established in accordance with ASTM E527 and SAE J1086, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS). the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B581 − 17 (2023)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition Limits, %
Element
Alloy Alloy Alloy Alloy Alloy Alloy
N06007 N06975 N06985 N06030 N08031 N08034
A A A
Nickel remainder 47.0–52.0 remainder remainder 30.0-32.0 33.5-35.0
Chromium 21.0–23.5 23.0–26.0 21.0–23.5 28.0–31.5 26.0-28.0 26.0-27.0
A A A
Iron 18.0–21.0 remainder 18.0–21.0 13.0–17.0 remainder remainder
Molybdenum 5.5–7.5 5.0–7.0 6.0–8.0 4.0–6.0 6.0-7.0 6.0-7.0
Copper 1.5–2.5 0.70–1.20 1.5–2.5 1.0–2.4 1.0-1.4 0.5-1.5
Manganese 1.0–2.0 1.0 max 1.0 max 1.5 max 2.0 max 1.0-4.0
Cobalt, max 2.5 . 5.0 max 5.0 max . .
Carbon, max 0.05 0.03 0.015 max 0.03 max 0.015 0.01
Tungsten 1.0 max . 1.5 max 1.5–4.0 . .
Silicon, max 1.0 1.0 1.0 max 0.8 max 0.3 0.1
Phosphorus, max 0.04 0.03 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.020 0.020
Sulfur, max 0.03 0.03 0.03 max 0.02 max 0.010 0.010
Columbium + tantalum 1.75–2.50 . 0.50 max 0.30–1.50 . .
Titanium . 0.7–1.5 . . . .
Nitrogen 0.15-0.25 . . . . 0.10-0.25
Aluminum 0.3
A
See 13.1.1.
TABLE 2 Mechanical Property Requirements
Tensile Strength min, Yield Strength (0.2 % Elongation in 2 in. or
Alloy Specified Diameter, in. (mm)
A
psi (MPa) Offset), min, psi (MPa) 50.8 mm or 4D min
5 3
N06007 ⁄16 to ⁄4 (7.94 to 19.05), incl 90 000 (621) 35 000 (241) 35
3 1
Over ⁄4 to 3 ⁄2 (19.05 to 88.9), incl 85 000 (586) 30 000 (207) 30
5 1
N06975 ⁄16 to 3 ⁄2 (7.94 to 88.9), incl 85 000 (586) 32 000 (221) 40
5 3
N06985 ⁄16 to ⁄4 (7.9 to 19.05), incl 90 000 (621) 35 000 (241) 45
3 1
Over ⁄4 to 3 ⁄2 (19.05 to 88.9), incl 85 000 (586) 30 000 (207) 35
N06030 . 85 000 (586) 35 000 (241) 30
N08031 All sizes 94 000 (648) 40 000 (276) 40
N08034 All sizes 94 000 (650) 40 000 (280) 40
A
D refers to the diameter of the tension specimen.
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Diameter and Out-of-Roundness of Rods
Permissible Variations, in. (mm)
Specified Diameter, in. (mm) Diameter
Out-of-Roundness, max
+ −
Hot-Finished, Annealed, and Descaled Rods
5 7
⁄16 to ⁄16 (7.94 to 11.11), incl 0.012 (0.305) 0.012 (0.305) 0.018 (0.457)
7 5
Over ⁄16 to ⁄8 (11.11 to 15.87), incl 0.014 (0.355) 0.014 (0.355) 0.020 (0.508)
5 3
Over ⁄8 to ⁄4 (15.87 to 19.05), excl 0.016 (0.406) 0.016 (0.406) 0.024 (0.610)
Hot-Finished, Annealed, and Ground or Turned Rods
3 1
⁄4 to 3 ⁄2 (19.05 to 88.9), incl 0.010 (0.254) 0 0.008 (0.203)
TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Length of Rods
5.2 Product (Check) Analysis—If a product (check) analysis
is made by the purchaser, the material shall conform to the
Random mill lengths 2 ft to 12 ft (61 cm to 366 cm) long with not
more than 25 weight % under 4 ft (122
requirements specified in Table 1 subject to the permissible
cm).
tolerances in Specification B880.
Multiple lengths Furnished in multiples of a specified unit
length, within the length limits
6. Mechanical and Other Requirements indicated above. For each multiple, an
allowance of ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) will be
6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements of Table
made for cutting, unless otherwise
specified. At the manufacturer’s
2.
option, individual specified unit lengths
may
...