ASTM D4981-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
Standard Test Method for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for use by those in waste management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions due to oxidizing compounds in wastes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use prior to preparation of waste samples for organic analysis. Waste samples that have oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the laboratory (for example, organic solvents).
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of waste liquids, sludges, and solids.
1.3 This test method can neither identify specific oxidizing compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base is added in this test method, potential oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will not be detected by this test method.
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples be screened for water compatibility; see Test Methods D 5058.
1.5 This test method is designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes. This test method offers the ability to screen waste for potentially hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when the more sophisticated techniques are not available or the total waste composition is unknown.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4981 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5058 Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of
Waste
1.1 This test method is intended for use prior to preparation
of waste samples for organic analysis.Waste samples that have
3. Terminology
oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the
laboratory (for example, organic solvents). 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 screeninganalysis—Apreliminaryqualitativeorsemi-
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of waste
quantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the user
liquids, sludges, and solids.
specific information about a waste that will aid in determining
1.3 This test method can neither identify specific oxidizing
waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in han-
compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base
dling.
is added in this test method, potential oxidizers that require the
presence of acid or base will not be detected by this test
4. Summary of Test Method
method.
4.1 A small portion of the sample is placed onto a strip of
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples
potassium iodide (KI) starch paper.The blue color which is the
be screened for water compatibility; see Test Methods D5058.
result of oxidizing the potassium iodide to iodine (I)inthe
2
1.5 This test method is designed and intended as a prelimi-
presence of starch, indicates a positive test for oxidizers.
nary test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that
may be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes.
5. Significance and Use
This test method offers the ability to screen waste for poten-
5.1 This test method is intended for use by those in waste
tially hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when the
management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions
more sophisticated techniques are not available or the total
waste composition is unknown. due to oxidizing compounds in wastes.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
6. Interferences
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
6.1 Materials that mask the KI starch paper, (for example,
oils, syrups, etc.) prevent reaction with the test paper or visual
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
detection of a color change.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6.2 Samples or slurries of samples that are already dark
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
colored prior to applying a test portion to the KI starch paper
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
can give false results.
2. Referenced Documents
6.3 Oxidizers such as ferric salts may not oxidize organics;
2
however, they may show positive reactions with KI.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.4 Oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will
give a false negative result. To overcome this problem, run the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
oxidizer test at acid, base, and neutral pH conditions.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on
Screening Methods.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
7. Reagents and Materials
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4981 – 95(2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D4981-08.
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent-grade chemicals shall be
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
all reagents conform to specifications of the Committee on
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4981 − 08
3
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, 9.2 Non-Aqueous Samples (for example, solid, oil, or sol-
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently vents):
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of 9.2.1 In a beaker, prepare a slurry by addi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4981–95 (Reapproved 2003) Designation:D4981–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended for use prior to preparation of waste samples for organic analysis. Waste samples that have
oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the laboratory (for example, organic solvents).
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of waste liquids, sludges, and solids.
1.3 This test method can neither identify specific oxidizing compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base is
added in this test method, potential oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will not be detected by this test method.
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples be screened for water compatibility; see Test Methods D 5058.
1.5 This test method is designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that may
be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes. This test method offers the ability to screen waste for potentially
hazardousreactionsduetooxidizercontentwhenthemoresophisticatedtechniquesarenotavailableorthetotalwastecomposition
is unknown.
1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statement is given in Section 8 and 11.2.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4980Test Method for Screening of pH in Waste
D 5058 Test Methods for Compataibility of Screening Analysis of Waste
3. Terminology
3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 screening analysis—Apreliminary qualitative or semiquantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the user specific
information about a waste that will aid in determining waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in handling.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Asmall portion of the sample is placed onto a strip of potassium iodide (KI) starch paper.The blue color which is the result
of oxidizing the potassium iodide to iodine (I ) in the presence of starch, indicates a positive test for oxidizers.
2
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended for use by those in waste management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions due to
oxidizing compounds in wastes.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on Screening
Methods.
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D4981–95.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4981 – 95(2003).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4981–08
6. Interferences
6.1 Materials that mask the KI starch paper, (for example, oils, syrups, etc.) prevent reaction with the test paper or visual
detection of a color change.
6.2 Samples or slurries of samples that are already dark colored prior to applying a test portion to the KI starch paper can give
false results.
6.3 Oxidizers such as ferric salts may not oxidize organ
...
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