ASTM D7641-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Textile Fibers
Standard Guide for Textile Fibers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use as a reference to improve the understanding of the relationship between commercial name, fiber identification and geographical regions of fiber origins that make up the composition of textile products.
4.2 This guide is intended to be used as a source of information only.
4.2.1 Detailed analysis, to verify specific data related to the composition of a particular fiber, may be necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide lists fibers used to manufacture textile products.
1.2 Specific groups of fibers are identified using tables of standard classification.
1.2.1 Animal fibers are identified by commercial name, biological name, end use, and geographic source.
1.2.2 Vegetable fibers are identified by commercial name, botanical name, staple length or description, and geographic source.
1.2.3 Mineral fibers are identified by commercial name, mineralogical name, chemical description, and geographic source.
1.2.4 Manufactured fibers are identified by commercial name, generic name, and major component.
1.3 Major fiber types used for textile purposes are further classified.
1.3.1 Manufactured fibers are identified as having either an organic base or inorganic base.
1.3.2 Natural fibers are identified as having a cellulosic, protein, or mineral base.
1.4 A glossary of generic names and definitions for manufactured fibers is included as additional information.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Sep-2021
- Technical Committee
- D13 - Textiles
- Drafting Committee
- D13.92 - Terminology
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2017
- Effective Date
- 15-Sep-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2015
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2012
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2009
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2009
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2007
- Effective Date
- 10-Feb-2003
- Effective Date
- 10-Dec-2002
Overview
ASTM D7641-21: Standard Guide for Textile Fibers is an internationally recognized reference developed by ASTM to provide a comprehensive framework for identifying and classifying textile fibers. This guide improves the understanding of the connections between commercial fiber names, fiber identification, and the geographical origins of fibers used in textile products. It serves as an information source, offering detailed tables and classification systems for animal, vegetable, mineral, and manufactured fibers, along with an extensive glossary of terms related to textile fiber types.
Key Topics
- Fiber Classification
The standard presents structured tables categorizing fibers into animal, vegetable, mineral, and manufactured types, each with relevant commercial and biological names, end uses, and geographical sources. - Identification by Origin
The guide highlights the significance of identifying fibers not only by commercial names but also by their botanical, zoological, or mineralogical roots and regional origin, supporting traceability and transparency in textile supply chains. - Standard Terminology
ASTM D7641-21 aligns fiber classification with universally accepted terminology, referencing both ASTM and ISO standards as well as regulatory documents, such as the Code of Federal Regulations. - Glossary of Manufactured Fiber Names
A comprehensive glossary for generic manufactured fiber names and definitions is included, facilitating accurate communication and product labeling across international markets. - Relationship to Manufactured and Natural Fibers
Detailed grouping of manufactured fibers by base (organic/inorganic) and natural fibers by component (cellulosic, protein, mineral) supports users in distinguishing technical properties and end-use applications.
Applications
- Textile Product Specification
Manufacturers, designers, and quality assurance professionals use this standard to identify, classify, and specify fibers for apparel, home textiles, and industrial applications. Recognizing correct fiber attributes aids in product labeling, marketing claims, and regulatory compliance. - Supply Chain Transparency
By linking fiber types to commercial names and regions of origin, this guide assists brands and suppliers in tracing material origins-supporting responsible sourcing, sustainability initiatives, and international trade documentation. - Educational and Research Reference
Educational institutions and laboratories rely on the document as a foundation for fiber science curricula and as a reference in fiber identification testing protocols. - Regulatory and Standardization Compliance
The standard provides a framework for meeting requirements set by global bodies such as the World Trade Organization and import/export authorities, especially regarding textile labeling and product standards. - Market Communication and Labeling
Clear and standardized fiber terminology improves communication between manufacturers, retailers, and consumers, promoting transparency and trust in fiber content claims.
Related Standards
- ASTM D123: Terminology Relating to Textiles
Reference standard for terminology, cited throughout ASTM D7641 for definitions of textile-related terms. - ISO 2076: Textiles - Man-made Fibers - Generic Names
International guideline for naming synthetic fibers, aligning terminology between ASTM and ISO standards. - Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 303.7
U.S. regulation addressing generic names and definitions for manufactured textile fibers, relevant for legal labeling and marketing within the United States.
ASTM D7641-21 remains an authoritative and practical reference for all stakeholders in the textile industry, ensuring consistency, transparency, and standardization in fiber identification, classification, and communication worldwide. For professionals seeking to enhance supply chain integrity and meet international textile fiber standards, this guide is an essential resource.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D7641-21 is a guide published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Guide for Textile Fibers". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This guide is intended for use as a reference to improve the understanding of the relationship between commercial name, fiber identification and geographical regions of fiber origins that make up the composition of textile products. 4.2 This guide is intended to be used as a source of information only. 4.2.1 Detailed analysis, to verify specific data related to the composition of a particular fiber, may be necessary. SCOPE 1.1 This guide lists fibers used to manufacture textile products. 1.2 Specific groups of fibers are identified using tables of standard classification. 1.2.1 Animal fibers are identified by commercial name, biological name, end use, and geographic source. 1.2.2 Vegetable fibers are identified by commercial name, botanical name, staple length or description, and geographic source. 1.2.3 Mineral fibers are identified by commercial name, mineralogical name, chemical description, and geographic source. 1.2.4 Manufactured fibers are identified by commercial name, generic name, and major component. 1.3 Major fiber types used for textile purposes are further classified. 1.3.1 Manufactured fibers are identified as having either an organic base or inorganic base. 1.3.2 Natural fibers are identified as having a cellulosic, protein, or mineral base. 1.4 A glossary of generic names and definitions for manufactured fibers is included as additional information. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This guide is intended for use as a reference to improve the understanding of the relationship between commercial name, fiber identification and geographical regions of fiber origins that make up the composition of textile products. 4.2 This guide is intended to be used as a source of information only. 4.2.1 Detailed analysis, to verify specific data related to the composition of a particular fiber, may be necessary. SCOPE 1.1 This guide lists fibers used to manufacture textile products. 1.2 Specific groups of fibers are identified using tables of standard classification. 1.2.1 Animal fibers are identified by commercial name, biological name, end use, and geographic source. 1.2.2 Vegetable fibers are identified by commercial name, botanical name, staple length or description, and geographic source. 1.2.3 Mineral fibers are identified by commercial name, mineralogical name, chemical description, and geographic source. 1.2.4 Manufactured fibers are identified by commercial name, generic name, and major component. 1.3 Major fiber types used for textile purposes are further classified. 1.3.1 Manufactured fibers are identified as having either an organic base or inorganic base. 1.3.2 Natural fibers are identified as having a cellulosic, protein, or mineral base. 1.4 A glossary of generic names and definitions for manufactured fibers is included as additional information. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D7641-21 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 59.060.01 - Textile fibres in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D7641-21 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D123-17, ASTM D123-15b, ASTM D123-15a, ASTM D123-15, ASTM D123-13a, ASTM D123-13ae1, ASTM D123-13, ASTM D123-12, ASTM D123-12e1, ASTM D123-09, ASTM D123-09e1, ASTM D123-09e2, ASTM D123-07, ASTM D123-03, ASTM D123-02. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D7641-21 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7641 − 21
Standard Guide for
Textile Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7641; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide lists fibers used to manufacture textile
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
products.
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.2 Specific groups of fibers are identified using tables of
ISO 2076:1999 (E) Textiles–Man-made Fibers–Generic
standard classification.
Names
2.3 Other Documents:
1.2.1 Animal fibers are identified by commercial name,
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 303.7
biological name, end use, and geographic source.
1.2.2 Vegetable fibers are identified by commercial name,
3. Terminology
botanical name, staple length or description, and geographic
3.1 Definitions:
source.
3.1.1 plastic, n—as related to textiles, a polymer which can
1.2.3 Mineral fibers are identified by commercial name,
be combined with curatives, plasticizers, and fillers that can be
mineralogical name, chemical description, and geographic
molded under heat and pressure.
source.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—General – One of a large group of
1.2.4 Manufactured fibers are identified by commercial
organic compounds synthesized from cellular hydrocarbons,
name, generic name, and major component.
protein, and resins. The compounds are capable of being cast,
extruded, or molded into various shapes.
1.3 Major fiber types used for textile purposes are further
Specific–DerivationfromGreek“plastikos”whichmeans
classified.
“fit for molding”.
1.3.1 Manufactured fibers are identified as having either an
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in the guide see
organic base or inorganic base.
Terminology D123.
1.3.2 Natural fibers are identified as having a cellulosic,
4. Significance and Use
protein, or mineral base.
4.1 This guide is intended for use as a reference to improve
1.4 A glossary of generic names and definitions for manu-
the understanding of the relationship between commercial
factured fibers is included as additional information.
name, fiber identification and geographical regions of fiber
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
origins that make up the composition of textile products.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 This guide is intended to be used as a source of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
information only.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.2.1 Detailed analysis, to verify specific data related to the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
composition of a particular fiber, may be necessary.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Animal (Protein Base) Fibers
5.1 See Table 1.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.92 on Terminology. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7641–10 (2014) . Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7641-21. the ASTM website.
TABLE 1 Animal (Protein-Base) Fibers
A
Commercial and Biological Name Use Geographical Regions
ALPACA WOOL Llama glama textiles South America, North America
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7641 − 21
TABLE 1 Continued
A
Commercial and Biological Name Use Geographical Regions
American ring tail Bassariscusbacus astutus soft brushes North America
Angora See Rabbit, Angora, Mohair
Badger Meles meles soft brushes Asia, Europe
Camelus dromedarius textiles, soft Asia
h
Camelus bactrianus textiles, coarse Asia
CAMEL HAIR
“Camel hair” See Squirrel soft brushes Asia, North America
CASHMERE HAIR Caprahircus sp (Goat) textiles Asia
Cattle hair Bos taurus upholstery Asia, Europe
“Civet,” “Black Sable” See Spotted Skunk
“Fitch” Mephitis mephitis et al (Skunk) soft brushes North America
Fox Vulpes fulva stuffing North America, Europe
Genet Genetta soft brushes Africa, Asia, Europe
Goat hair Capra sp soft brushes Asia
Hog bristle Sus scrofa paint brushes Asia, North America
Horse hair, body Equus caballus upholstery, felts Asia, Europe, North America, South America
Horse hair, mane and tail Equus caballus upholstery Asia, Europe
Kolinksy See Sable, red
LLAMA WOOL Llama glama textiles South America
Mink See Sable, red
MOHAIR Caprahircus (Angora goat) textiles Asia, Africa, North America
Muskrat, Northern Ondatra zibethicus textiles North America, Russia
Muskrat, Southern Ondatra rivalicia textiles North America
Ox hair, ear Bos taurus soft brushes Asia, Europe, North America
Pony Equus caballus soft brushes, felts Asia
RABBIT, COMMON Oryctolagus cuniculus fur felt Australia, Europe, Asia, North America
RABBIT, ANGORA Oryctolagus cuniculus textiles Europe, North America
Sable, red Mustela sibirica (Kolinksy, China Mink, Jap Mink) soft brushes, stuffing Asia
SHEEP WOOL Ovis aries et al. textiles all continents
Skunk See “Fitch”
Skunk, Spotted Spilogale sp soft brushes North America
Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris et al. soft brushes Asia, North America
SILK Bombyx mori textiles Asia, Europe
SILK, TUSSAH Antheraea paphia et al. textiles Asia
VICUNA WOOL Llama vicugna textiles South America
A
The most common names are in capital letters; biological names are in italics.
6. Vegetable Fibers
6.1 See Tables 2-4.
TABLE 2 Vegetable Fibers: Seed and Fruit-Hair
NOTE 1—The physical origins and the botanical classifications in Tables 2-4 were reviewed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Staple Length, in. Geographical Regions
Akund Calotropis gigantes Asia
Gossypium, various sp
COTTON Gossypium sp
3 7
1. American Upland Gossypium hirsutum ⁄4 to 1 ⁄16 all continents
2. Asiatic cultivated
a. Chinese Gossypium arboreum ⁄8 to 1 China
b. Indian Gossypium arboreum ⁄8 to 1 India
Gossypium herbaceum
c. Levantine Gossypium herbaceum ⁄2 to 1 Asia
3. Extra-long staple barbadenses:
1 5
a. Egyptian Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 Egypt, Sudan, Peru
3 1
b. American Egyptian Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄2 United States
c. Sea Island Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄2 to 2 West Indies
4. Medium staple, semi-rough bar-
badenses:
1 1
a. Tanguis Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 Peru
1 1
b. Ishan Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 West Africa
1 1
c. Ashmouni (uppers) Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄16 to 1 ⁄8 Egypt
5. Short staple, rough barbadenses:
a. Iquitos Gossypium barbadense 1to1 ⁄16 Peru
15 1
b. Lengupa Gossypium barbadense ⁄16 to 1 ⁄16 Colombia
6. Perennial tree cottons:
1 3
a. West Indian Gossypium hirsutum var Marie-Galante 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 West Indies
1 3
b. Sertao and Serido Gossypium hirsutum var Marie-Galante 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 Brazil
3 1
KAPOK Ceiba pentandra ⁄4 to ⁄4 Tropics
3 1
Milkweed Floss Asclepias various sp ⁄4 to ⁄4 North America
Ozone fiber Asclepias sp incarnata United States
Pochote Ceiba aesculifolia Mexico
D7641 − 21
TABLE 2 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Staple Length, in. Geographical Regions
Samchu Chorisia species South America
A
Preferred or most common names are in capital letters; botanical names are in italics. The abbreviation sp is for the word “species,” the subdivisions of a genus.
TABLE 3 Vegetable Fibers: Bast and Leaf
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
ABACA Musa textilis Neé hard leaf fiber Philippine Islands, Central America, Borneo,
Sumatra
Abutilon avcennae Gaertn See Abutilon theophrasti Medic medii
Abutilon longicuspe Zada buack coarse bast fiber
Abutilon periplocifolium Maholtine coarse bast fiber
Abutilon theophrasti Sweet Medic medii CHINESE JUTE coarse bast fiber China
Aechmae magdalenae André Pita floja fine leaf fiber Central and South America
AFRICAN SISAL Agave sisalana, Perrine & Engelm hard leaf fiber
Agave cantala Roxb CANTALA hard leaf fiber East Indies, Philippine Islands
Agave cocui Trel Dispopo coarse leaf fiber
Agave hexapetala Jacq Cocuiza coarse leaf fiber
Agave deweyana Trel Zapupe larga hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave falcata Engelm Guapilla hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave fourcroydes Lem HENEQUEN coarse leaf fiber Mexico, Cuba, Australia
Agave funkiana Koch & Bouché JAUMAVE ISTLE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave lespinassei Trel Zapupe fuerte hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave letonae F. W. Taylor SALVADOR SISAL coarse leaf fiber El Salvador
Agave lophanta var. poselgeri (Salm-Dyck)
Berger TULA ISTLE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave pesa-mulae Trel Pata de mula, pie de mula hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave pseudotequilana Trel Mescal hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave sisalana Perrine& Engelm SISAL hard leaf fiber Mexico, Brazil, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda,
Angola, Mozambique, Haiti, Java, Sumatra
Agave striata Zucc Espandinin hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave tequilana Weber MESCAL hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave zapupe Trel ZAPUPE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Ake-ire Urenia lobata Cav bast fiber
Aloes creole
Aloes fiber
See Furcraea gigantea Vent true aloe is not a
Aloes malgache fiber plant
Ambari Hibiscus cannabrius L coarse bast fiber
Ananas comosus L. (Merr) PINEAPPLE FIBER fine leaf fiber West Indies, Philippine Islands
Apocynum sp Kendyr soft bast fiber Russia
Aramina Urena lobata Cav bast fiber
Arghan Aechmea magdalenae André
Asclepias incurnata L Swamp milk weed soft bast fiber United States
Awasthe hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp) bast fiber
Bamia Urena lobata Cav
BANANA Musa sapientum L leaf fiber
Banana yucca Yucca mohavensis Sarg
Ban ochra Urena lobata Cav
Bariala Sida micrantha Schrank
Barreta Samuela carnerosana Trel
BEAR GRASS Nolina sp, Yucca sp
Benares hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Benares sunn Crotalaria
B
Billbergia infuscata Infuscata soft leaf fiber South America
Bimli jute
Bimli patam } Hibiscus cannabinus L (not jute)
Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud RAMIE, China grass soft bast fiber Japan, China, Brazil, United States
Bolo-bolo Urena lobata Cav
Bombay aloe Furcraea gigantea Vent (not true aloe)
Bombay hemp Crotalaria jungea L (not hemp)
Bowstring hemp Sansevieria sp (not hemp)
Brazilian jute Corchorus sp (Hibiscus and Urena are not
jute)
Bromelia magdalenae See Aechmea magdalenae André
Bromelia karatas L Gravata soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia laciniosa Mart & Schult Macambira soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia longissima Aechmea magdalenae André soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia sagenaria Pseudaranus sagenarius (Arruda) Camargo soft leaf fiber Brazil
Broom fiber Cystisus scoparius (L) Link, and/or Spartium
junceum L
Brown hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Cabulla Furcraea cabuya Trel
Cabuya Furcraea cabuya Trel
D7641 − 21
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Cabuya blanca
Cabuya blancho
Cabuya sin espina F. cabuya var. integra Trel
Cadillo
Caesar weed } Urena lobata Cav
Calotropis gigantea Dry & Ait Akund
Canamo
Canamo } Spanish word for hemp
Candilla
Candillo } Urena lobata Cav
Canhamo Urena lobata Cav
Cannabis sativa L HEMP soft bast fiber all temperate zones
CANTALA Agave cantala Roxb; differs from maguey in
retting
CAROA, Carua Neoglaziova variegata Mez
Carrapicho Urena lobata Cav
Cebu hemp Musa textilis Née (not hemp)
CEBU MAGUEY Agave cantala Roxb (retted differently from
Cantala)
Cephalonema sp Punga bast fiber Belgian Congo
Chanvre French word for hemp
Chaparral yucca Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr) Trel
China grass Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud
CHINESE JUTE Abutilon theophrasti Medic Medii
Chingma Abutilon theophrasti Medic
Chino azul Agave tequilana Weber
Chino bermejo Agave palmaris Trel
Chique-chique Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace& Archer
Chuchao Furcraea andine Trel
Coconada hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Cocuiza Furcraea humboldtiana Trel F hexapetalla,
(Jacq) Urb
Cocuiza mansa Furcraea gigantea Vent
CONGO JUTE Urena lobata Cav (not jute) bast fiber Belgian Congo, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela,
Cuba
Corchorus capsularis L JUTE (white jute) soft bast fiber Pakistan, India
Corchorus olitorius L TOSSA, DAISEE (jutes) soft bast fiber Pakistan, India
Cousin rouge Urena lobata Cav
Crotalaria juncea L SUNN (not hemp) hard bast fiber India
Cuban jute Urena sp. Malva sp Sida sp (not jute)
Cuban sisal Agave fourcroydes Lem
Culut culutan Urena lobata Cav
Cytisus scuparius (L) Link Broom fiber, Spanish broom soft bast fiber Italy, Spain
Da Hibiscus cannabinus L
DAISEE JUTE Corchorus olitorius L
Davao hemp Musa textiles Nèe (not hemp)
Deccan hemp Hibiscus cannabinus (not hemp)
Dha Hibiscus cannabinus L
Dispopo Agave cocui Trel
Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan Musa ensete Gmel
Escobilla Sida sp
Espadinum Agave striata Zucc
FIQUE Furcraea macrophylla Baker
Flax Linum usitatissimum L soft bast fiber Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Belgium,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile,
China, Czech Republic, Egypt,
Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary,
India, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine,
United States, Yugoslavia
FORMIO Phormium tenax Forst
French hemp Cannabis sativa L
Furcraea andina Trel Chuchao hard leaf fiber Ecuador
Furcraea cabuya Trel Cabuya hard leaf fiber Central America
Furcraea cubensis Cabulla hard leaf fiber Haiti, Cuba, Venezuela, Dominican Republic
Furcraea geminispina Jacobi Cocuiza hard leaf fiber Venezuela
Furcraea gingantea Vent Piteira, cocuiza mansa hard leaf fiber Mauritius, Venezuela, Brazil, Tropics
Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq) Urb Furcraea cubensis hard leaf fiber Haiti, Cuba, Venezuela, Dominican Republic
Furcraea hemboldtiana Trel Cocuiza hard leaf fiber Venezuela
Furcraea macrophylla Baker FIQUE hard leaf fiber Colombia
Galla Musa ensete-Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan
Gambo hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp)
Gombo hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp)
D7641 − 21
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Grand cousin Urena lobata Cav
Grand mahot cousin Urena lobata Cav
Gravata Bromelia Karatus L
Guapilla Agave falcata Engelm
GUAXIMA Urena lobata Cav
Guaxima roxa Urena lobata Cav
Guaxima vermehla Urena lobata Cav
Guiazo Urena lobata Cav
HAITIAN SISAL Agave sisalana Perrine & Engelm
Hanf German word for hemp Austria, Bulgaria, Chile, China,
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Syria, United States,
Yugoslavia
HEMP Cannabis sativa L
HENEQUEN Agave fourcroydes Lem
Hennup Dutch word for hemp
Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel ZAMANDOQUE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr) Trel YUCCA hard leaf fiber United States
Hibiscus cannabinus L KENAF, MESHTA, Ambari, Bimlipatam,
Awasthe, Deccan, Dha, Gambo bast fiber Russia, Persia, India, South America, United
States, Cuba
Hibiscus abelmoschus L Musk hemp soft bast fiber India
Hibiscus esculentus L Ochra soft bast fiber United States
Hibiscus ferax Hook MESHTA soft bast fiber India, Brazil
Hibiscus kitaibelifolius St Hil Juta paulista soft bast fiber Brazil
C
Hibiscus radiatus Papoula de St Francis soft bast fiber Brazil
Hibiscus sabdariffa L ROSELLA soft bast fiber Java, Brazil
Ife hemp
Ifé Sansevieria sp (not hemp)
Indian hemp (United States) Apocynum cannabinum L (not hemp)
Indian hemp (India) Several unrelated plants (not hemp)
Crotalaria sp and Hibiscus sp (Examples are
Ambari, Benares hemp, Itarsi, Sunn)
B
Infuscata Billbergia infuscata
ISTLE Several Agave sp (word is a generic Mexican
IXTLE } term)
Istle Jaumave Agave funkiana Koch & Bouché
Istle, Palma Samuela carnerosana Trel
Istle Pita Yucca treculeana Carr
Istle Tula Agave lophanta var poselgeri (Salm-Dyck)
Berger
Itarsi hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Ixtli Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel
JAUMAVE ISTLE
Jaumave
Jaumave lechiguilla Agave funkiana Koch & Bouché
JAVA CANTALA Agave cantala Roxb different retting from
maguey
Java jute Hibiscus sabdariffa L (not jute)
JAVA SISAL Agave sisalana Perrine & Engelm
Jirica Nolina sp
Jubblepore hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Juta paulista Hibiscus kitaibali folius St Hil
JUTE Corchorus capsularis L and Corchorus
olitorius L
KENAF Hibiscus cannabinus L
Kendyr Apocynum sp
KENTUCKY HEMP Cannabis sativa L
Lechuguilla (Tula istle) Agave lophanta var poselgeri (Salm-Dyck)
Berger
Letona Agave letonae F. W. Taylor
Linen See Flax
Luffa gourd Linum usitatissimum L
Luffa Luffa sp
Loofah
Macambira Bromelia laciniosa Mart & Schultz L
Madagascar bass Vonitra sp
Madras hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Maguey Latin American term applied to many species
of Agave
MAGUEY (CEBU) Agave cantala Roxb
Maguey (Peru) Furcraea macrophylla Baker
Maguey (Cuba) Furcraea hexapetalla (Jacq) Urb
D7641 − 21
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Maholtine Abutilon periplocifolium Sweet
Malva Latin American term applied to several
Malvaceae
MALVA Sida micrantha Schrank
Malva blanca Urena lobata Cav
Malva listro
Malva risco } Sida micrantha Schrank
Malva roxa Urena lobata Cav
Malva velluda Malache malacophylla (Néc & Mart) Stand
Malvas Urena lobata Cav
Manila Musa textilis Née (not hemp)
Manila hemp Musa textilis Née (not hemp)
Manila maguey Agave cantala Roxb
Mano largo Agave palmaris Trel
Mauritius hemp Furcraea gigantea Weber (not hemp)
Mazatlan hemp Agave tequilana Weber (not hemp)
MESCAL Fibre mixture, Agave sp
Mescal maguey Agave tequilana Weber
MESHTA Hibiscus cananbinus LH ferax Hook soft bast fiber India
Mexican sisal Agar fourcroydes Lem
Milkweed fiber Ascelpias sp (bast) bast fiber, also (see
Sec. I)
seed hair
Moorva Sansevieria sp
Musk hemp Hibiscus abelmoschus L (not hemp)
Musa ensete Gmel Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan coarse leaf fiber Ethiopia
Musa sapientum L Banana fiber coarse leaf fiber Tropics
Musa textilis Née ABACA, manila coarse leaf fiber Philippine Islands, Borneo, Sumatra
Nanas sabrong Agave cantala, Roxb
Natal hemp Furcraea gigantea Vent (not hemp)
Neoglaziovia variegata Mez CAROA caraua hard leaf fiber Brazil
New Zealand flax Phormium tenax Forst phormium or formio
New Zealand hemp } (not flax or hemp)
Nolina sp BEAR GRASS hard leaf fiber Southwest United States, Mexico
Ochra Hibiscus esculentus L
Olona Touchar dia latifolia Gaud
Ototo grande Urena lobata Cav
Paka Urena lobata Cav
Palma Samuela carnerosana Trel
Palma barreta Samuela carnerosana Trel
PALMA ISTLE }
Palmilla Yucca elata Engelm
Palmyra Borassus flabelifer L
Panama hat palm Carludovica palmata R & P (not a palm)
Pangane Sansevierid Kirkii Bak (not hemp)
Pangane hemp
Papoula de St Francis Hibiscus ferax Hook
Pata de mula Agave pes-mulae Trel
Pavonia malacophylla Wright
Pavonia schimperiana Hochst & A. Rich
Pavonia tomentosa Hochst & A. Rich Malva relludo UACIMA bast fiber Brazil
Phillibit black hemp Crotalaria juncea L (C tenuifolia Roxb) (not
hemp)
Philippine maguey Agave cantala Roxb
PHORMIUM Phormium tenax Forst
Phormium tenax Forst PHORMIUM hard leaf fiber Argentina, Chile, New Zealand, St. Helena
Pie de mula Agave pes-mulae Trel
Pineapple fibre (pina) Ananas comosus (L) Merr
Pineapple (wild) Aechmea magdalenae André
Pita Latin-American name for many different hard
fibers
Pita floya (floia) Aechmea magdalenae André
PITA ISTLE Yucca treculeana Carr
Pita palma }
PITEIRA Furcraea gigantea Vent
Pitre (peetray) Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq) Urb
POEPOES Agave cantala Roxb
Polompom Thespesia lampas Dalz & Dalz & Gibs
Pochote Ceiba aesculifolia (H.B.K.) Britt & F. G.
Bak
Pseudananas sagenarius (Arruda) Brazil
Camargo Bromelia sagenaria soft leaf fiber
Punga Cephalonema sp bast fiber Belgian Congo
Queensland hemp Sida rhombifolia L (not hemp)
RAMIE Boehmeria nivea L Gaud
D7641 − 21
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
RATTAN Calamus sp
Rhea Boehmeria nivea L Gaud
ROSELLE, rosella Hibiscus sabdariffa L
Samandoca Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel
Samuela carnerosana Trel PALMA ISTLE leaf fiber Mexico
Salvador henequen Agave letonae F. W. Taylor
SAN SALVADOR SISAL }
Sansevieria cylindrica Boj Ifé hard leaf fiber Africa
Sansevieria Kirkii Bak Pangane hard leaf fiber South Africa
Sansevieria sp Bowstring hemp (not hemp) hard leaf fiber Florida
SANSEVIERIA Sansevieria sp hard leaf fiber Cuba
Sansevieria trifasciata Prain hard leaf fiber Cuba
Scaahuista Nolina sp
Scioa Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan
Seonie hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Sida micrantha Schrank Escobilla soft bast fiber India, Australia, Brazil
Sidamo Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan
Sida rhombifolia L Queensland hemp (not hemp) Australia
Silk grass Aechema magdalena André
SISAL Agave sisalana Perrine & Engelm
Sisal weisz Agave fourc
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7641 − 10 (Reapproved 2014) D7641 − 21
Standard Guide for
Textile Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7641; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made to Annex A1 in August 2014.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide lists fibers used to manufacture textile products.
1.2 Specific groups of fibers are identified using tables of standard classification.
1.2.1 Animal fibers are identified by commercial name, biological name, end use, and geographic source.
1.2.2 Vegetable fibers are identified by commercial name, botanical name, staple length or description, and geographic source.
1.2.3 Mineral fibers are identified by commercial name, mineralogical name, chemical description, and geographic source.
1.2.4 Manufactured fibers are identified by commercial name, generic name, and major component.
1.3 Major fiber types used for textile purposes are further classified.
1.3.1 Manufactured fibers are identified as having either an organic base or inorganic base.
1.3.2 Natural fibers are identified as having a cellulosic, protein, or mineral base.
1.4 A glossary of generic names and definitions for manufactured fibers is included as additional information.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 2076:1999 (E) Textiles–Man-made Fibers–Generic Names
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.92 on Terminology.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2021. Published August 2015October 2021. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as
ɛ1
D7641–10 (2014) . DOI: 10.1520/D7641-10R14E01.10.1520/D7641-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7641 − 21
2.3 Other Documents:
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 303.7
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 plastic, n—as related to textiles, a polymer which can be combined with curatives, plasticizers, and fillers that can be molded
under heat and pressure.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
General – One of a large group of organic compounds synthesized from cellular hydrocarbons, protein, and resins. The compounds
are capable of being cast, extruded, or molded into various shapes.
Specific – Derivation from Greek “plastikos” which means “fit for molding”.
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in the guide see Terminology D123.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide is intended for use as a reference to improve the understanding of the relationship between commercial name, fiber
identification and geographical regions of fiber origins that make up the composition of textile products.
4.2 This guide is intended to be used as a source of information only.
4.2.1 Detailed analysis, to verify specific data related to the composition of a particular fiber, may be necessary.
5. Animal (Protein Base) Fibers
5.1 See Table 1.
TABLE 1 Animal (Protein-Base) Fibers
A
Commercial and Biological Name Use Geographical Regions
ALPACA WOOL Llama glama textiles South America, North America
American ring tail Bassariscusbacus astutus soft brushes North America
Angora See Rabbit, Angora, Mohair
Badger Meles meles soft brushes Asia, Europe
Camelus dromedarius textiles, soft Asia
h
Camelus bactrianus textiles, coarse Asia
CAMEL HAIR
“Camel hair” See Squirrel soft brushes Asia, North America
CASHMERE HAIR Caprahircus sp (Goat) textiles Asia
Cattle hair Bos taurus upholstery Asia, Europe
“Civet,” “Black Sable” See Spotted Skunk
“Fitch” Mephitis mephitis et al (Skunk) soft brushes North America
Fox Vulpes fulva stuffing North America, Europe
Genet Genetta soft brushes Africa, Asia, Europe
Goat hair Capra sp soft brushes Asia
Hog bristle Sus scrofa paint brushes Asia, North America
Horse hair, body Equus caballus upholstery, felts Asia, Europe, North America, South America
Horse hair, mane and tail Equus caballus upholstery Asia, Europe
Kolinksy See Sable, red
LLAMA WOOL Llama glama textiles South America
Mink See Sable, red
MOHAIR Caprahircus (Angora goat) textiles Asia, Africa, North America
Muskrat, Northern Ondatra zibethicus textiles North America, Russia
Muskrat, Southern Ondatra rivalicia textiles North America
Ox hair, ear Bos taurus soft brushes Asia, Europe, North America
Pony Equus caballus soft brushes, felts Asia
RABBIT, COMMON Oryctolagus cuniculus fur felt Australia, Europe, Asia, North America
RABBIT, ANGORA Oryctolagus cuniculus textiles Europe, North America
Sable, red Mustela sibirica (Kolinksy, China Mink, Jap Mink) soft brushes, stuffing Asia
SHEEP WOOL Ovis aries et al. textiles all continents
Skunk See “Fitch”
Skunk, Spotted Spilogale sp soft brushes North America
Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris et al. soft brushes Asia, North America
SILK Bombyx mori textiles Asia, Europe
D7641 − 21
TABLE 1 Continued
A
Commercial and Biological Name Use Geographical Regions
SILK, TUSSAH Antheraea paphia et al. textiles Asia
VICUNA WOOL Llama vicugna textiles South America
A
The most common names are in capital letters; biological names are in italics.
6. Vegetable Fibers
6.1 See Tables 2-4.
TABLE 2 Vegetable Fibers: Seed and Fruit-Hair
NOTE 1—The physical origins and the botanical classifications in Tables 2-4 were reviewed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Staple Length, in. Geographical Regions
Akund Calotropis gigantes Asia
Gossypium, various sp
COTTON Gossypium sp
3 7
1. American Upland Gossypium hirsutum ⁄4 to 1 ⁄16 all continents
2. Asiatic cultivated
a. Chinese Gossypium arboreum ⁄8 to 1 China
b. Indian Gossypium arboreum ⁄8 to 1 India
Gossypium herbaceum
c. Levantine Gossypium herbaceum ⁄2 to 1 Asia
3. Extra-long staple barbadenses:
1 5
a. Egyptian Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 Egypt, Sudan, Peru
3 1
b. American Egyptian Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄2 United States
c. Sea Island Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄2 to 2 West Indies
4. Medium staple, semi-rough bar-
badenses:
1 1
a. Tanguis Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 Peru
1 1
b. Ishan Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 West Africa
1 1
c. Ashmouni (uppers) Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄16 to 1 ⁄8 Egypt
5. Short staple, rough barbadenses:
a. Iquitos Gossypium barbadense 1 to 1 ⁄16 Peru
15 1
b. Lengupa Gossypium barbadense ⁄16 to 1 ⁄16 Colombia
6. Perennial tree cottons:
1 3
a. West Indian Gossypium hirsutum var Marie-Galante 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 West Indies
1 3
b. Sertao and Serido Gossypium hirsutum var Marie-Galante 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 Brazil
3 1
KAPOK Ceiba pentandra ⁄4 to ⁄4 Tropics
3 1
Milkweed Floss Asclepias various sp ⁄4 to ⁄4 North America
Ozone fiber Asclepias sp incarnata United States
Pochote Ceiba aesculifolia Mexico
Samchu Chorisia species South America
A
Preferred or most common names are in capital letters; botanical names are in italics. The abbreviation sp is for the word “species,” the subdivisions of a genus.
D7641 − 21
TABLE 3 Vegetable Fibers: Bast and Leaf
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
ABACA Musa textilis Neé hard leaf fiber Philippine Islands, Central America, Borneo,
Sumatra
Abutilon avcennae Gaertn See Abutilon theophrasti Medic medii
Abutilon longicuspe Zada buack coarse bast fiber
Abutilon periplocifolium Maholtine coarse bast fiber
Abutilon theophrasti Sweet Medic medii CHINESE JUTE coarse bast fiber China
Aechmae magdalenae André Pita floja fine leaf fiber Central and South America
AFRICAN SISAL Agave sisalana, Perrine & Engelm hard leaf fiber
Agave cantala Roxb CANTALA hard leaf fiber East Indies, Philippine Islands
Agave cocui Trel Dispopo coarse leaf fiber
Agave hexapetala Jacq Cocuiza coarse leaf fiber
Agave deweyana Trel Zapupe larga hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave falcata Engelm Guapilla hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave fourcroydes Lem HENEQUEN coarse leaf fiber Mexico, Cuba, Australia
Agave funkiana Koch & Bouché JAUMAVE ISTLE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave lespinassei Trel Zapupe fuerte hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave letonae F. W. Taylor SALVADOR SISAL coarse leaf fiber El Salvador
Agave lophanta var. poselgeri (Salm-Dyck)
Berger TULA ISTLE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave pesa-mulae Trel Pata de mula, pie de mula hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave pseudotequilana Trel Mescal hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave sisalana Perrine& Engelm SISAL hard leaf fiber Mexico, Brazil, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda,
Angola, Mozambique, Haiti, Java, Sumatra
Agave striata Zucc Espandinin hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave tequilana Weber MESCAL hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave zapupe Trel ZAPUPE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Ake-ire Urenia lobata Cav bast fiber
Aloes creole
Aloes fiber
See Furcraea gigantea Vent true aloe is not a
Aloes malgache fiber plant
Ambari Hibiscus cannabrius L coarse bast fiber
Ananas comosus L. (Merr) PINEAPPLE FIBER fine leaf fiber West Indies, Philippine Islands
Apocynum sp Kendyr soft bast fiber Russia
Aramina Urena lobata Cav bast fiber
Arghan Aechmea magdalenae André
Asclepias incurnata L Swamp milk weed soft bast fiber United States
Awasthe hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp) bast fiber
Bamia Urena lobata Cav
BANANA Musa sapientum L leaf fiber
Banana yucca Yucca mohavensis Sarg
Ban ochra Urena lobata Cav
Bariala Sida micrantha Schrank
Barreta Samuela carnerosana Trel
BEAR GRASS Nolina sp, Yucca sp
Benares hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Benares sunn Crotalaria
B
Billbergia infuscata Infuscata soft leaf fiber South America
Bimli jute
Bimli patam } Hibiscus cannabinus L (not jute)
Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud RAMIE, China grass soft bast fiber Japan, China, Brazil, United States
Bolo-bolo Urena lobata Cav
Bombay aloe Furcraea gigantea Vent (not true aloe)
Bombay hemp Crotalaria jungea L (not hemp)
Bowstring hemp Sansevieria sp (not hemp)
Brazilian jute Corchorus sp (Hibiscus and Urena are not
jute)
Bromelia magdalenae See Aechmea magdalenae André
Bromelia karatas L Gravata soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia laciniosa Mart & Schult Macambira soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia longissima Aechmea magdalenae André soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia sagenaria Pseudaranus sagenarius (Arruda) Camargo soft leaf fiber Brazil
Broom fiber Cystisus scoparius (L) Link, and/or Spartium
junceum L
Brown hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Cabulla Furcraea cabuya Trel
Cabuya Furcraea cabuya Trel
Cabuya blanca
Cabuya blancho
Cabuya sin espina F. cabuya var. integra Trel
Cadillo
Caesar weed } Urena lobata Cav
D7641 − 21
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Calotropis gigantea Dry & Ait Akund
Canamo
Canamo } Spanish word for hemp
Candilla
Candillo } Urena lobata Cav
Canhamo Urena lobata Cav
Cannabis sativa L HEMP soft bast fiber all temperate zones
CANTALA Agave cantala Roxb; differs from maguey in
retting
CAROA, Carua Neoglaziova variegata Mez
Carrapicho Urena lobata Cav
Cebu hemp Musa textilis Née (not hemp)
CEBU MAGUEY Agave cantala Roxb (retted differently from
Cantala)
Cephalonema sp Punga bast fiber Belgian Congo
Chanvre French word for hemp
Chaparral yucca Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr) Trel
China grass Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud
CHINESE JUTE Abutilon theophrasti Medic Medii
Chingma Abutilon theophrasti Medic
Chino azul Agave tequilana Weber
Chino bermejo Agave palmaris Trel
Chique-chique Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace& Archer
Chuchao Furcraea andine Trel
Coconada hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Cocuiza Furcraea humboldtiana Trel F hexapetalla,
(Jacq) Urb
Cocuiza mansa Furcraea gigantea Vent
CONGO JUTE Urena lobata Cav (not jute) bast fiber Belgian Congo, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela,
Cuba
Corchorus capsularis L JUTE (white jute) soft bast fiber Pakistan, India
Corchorus olitorius L TOSSA, DAISEE (jutes) soft bast fiber Pakistan, India
Cousin rouge Urena lobata Cav
Crotalaria juncea L SUNN (not hemp) hard bast fiber India
Cuban jute Urena sp. Malva sp Sida sp (not jute)
Cuban sisal Agave fourcroydes Lem
Culut culutan Urena lobata Cav
Cytisus scuparius (L) Link Broom fiber, Spanish broom soft bast fiber Italy, Spain
Da Hibiscus cannabinus L
DAISEE JUTE Corchorus olitorius L
Davao hemp Musa textiles Nèe (not hemp)
Deccan hemp Hibiscus cannabinus (not hemp)
Dha Hibiscus cannabinus L
Dispopo Agave cocui Trel
Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan Musa ensete Gmel
Escobilla Sida sp
Espadinum Agave striata Zucc
FIQUE Furcraea macrophylla Baker
Flax Linum usitatissimum L soft bast fiber Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Belgium,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile,
China, Czech Republic, Egypt,
Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary,
India, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine,
United States, Yugoslavia
FORMIO Phormium tenax Forst
French hemp Cannabis sativa L
Furcraea andina Trel Chuchao hard leaf fiber Ecuador
Furcraea cabuya Trel Cabuya hard leaf fiber Central America
Furcraea cubensis Cabulla hard leaf fiber Haiti, Cuba, Venezuela, Dominican Republic
Furcraea geminispina Jacobi Cocuiza hard leaf fiber Venezuela
Furcraea gingantea Vent Piteira, cocuiza mansa hard leaf fiber Mauritius, Venezuela, Brazil, Tropics
Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq) Urb Furcraea cubensis hard leaf fiber Haiti, Cuba, Venezuela, Dominican Republic
Furcraea hemboldtiana Trel Cocuiza hard leaf fiber Venezuela
Furcraea macrophylla Baker FIQUE hard leaf fiber Colombia
Galla Musa ensete-Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan
Gambo hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp)
Gombo hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp)
Grand cousin Urena lobata Cav
Grand mahot cousin Urena lobata Cav
Gravata Bromelia Karatus L
Guapilla Agave falcata Engelm
GUAXIMA Urena lobata Cav
Guaxima roxa Urena lobata Cav
D7641 − 21
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Guaxima vermehla Urena lobata Cav
Guiazo Urena lobata Cav
HAITIAN SISAL Agave sisalana Perrine & Engelm
Hanf German word for hemp Austria, Bulgaria, Chile, China,
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Syria, United States,
Yugoslavia
HEMP Cannabis sativa L
HENEQUEN Agave fourcroydes Lem
Hennup Dutch word for hemp
Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel ZAMANDOQUE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr) Trel YUCCA hard leaf fiber United States
Hibiscus cannabinus L KENAF, MESHTA, Ambari, Bimlipatam,
Awasthe, Deccan, Dha, Gambo bast fiber Russia, Persia, India, South America, United
States, Cuba
Hibiscus abelmoschus L Musk hemp soft bast fiber India
Hibiscus esculentus L Ochra soft bast fiber United States
Hibiscus ferax Hook MESHTA soft bast fiber India, Brazil
Hibiscus kitaibelifolius St Hil Juta paulista soft bast fiber Brazil
C
Hibiscus radiatus Papoula de St Francis soft bast fiber Brazil
Hibiscus sabdariffa L ROSELLA soft bast fiber Java, Brazil
Ife hemp
Ifé Sansevieria sp (not hemp)
Indian hemp (United States) Apocynum cannabinum L (not hemp)
Indian hemp (India) Several unrelated plants (not hemp)
Crotalaria sp and Hibiscus sp (Examples are
Ambari, Benares hemp, Itarsi, Sunn)
B
Infuscata Billbergia infuscata
ISTLE Several Agave sp (word is a generic Mexican
IXTLE } term)
Istle Jaumave Agave funkiana Koch & Bouché
Istle, Palma Samuela carnerosana Trel
Istle Pita Yucca treculeana Carr
Istle Tula Agave lophanta var poselgeri (Salm-Dyck)
Berger
Itarsi hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Ixtli Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel
JAUMAVE ISTLE
Jaumave
Jaumave lechiguilla Agave funkiana Koch & Bouché
JAVA CANTALA Agave cantala Roxb different retting from
maguey
Java jute Hibiscus sabdariffa L (not jute)
JAVA SISAL Agave sisalana Perrine & Engelm
Jirica Nolina sp
Jubblepore hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Juta paulista Hibiscus kitaibali folius St Hil
JUTE Corchorus capsularis L and Corchorus
olitorius L
KENAF Hibiscus cannabinus L
Kendyr Apocynum sp
KENTUCKY HEMP Cannabis sativa L
Lechuguilla (Tula istle) Agave lophanta var poselgeri (Salm-Dyck)
Berger
Letona Agave letonae F. W. Taylor
Linen See Flax
Luffa gourd Linum usitatissimum L
Luffa Luffa sp
Loofah
Macambira Bromelia laciniosa Mart & Schultz L
Madagascar bass Vonitra sp
Madras hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Maguey Latin American term applied to many species
of Agave
MAGUEY (CEBU) Agave cantala Roxb
Maguey (Peru) Furcraea macrophylla Baker
Maguey (Cuba) Furcraea hexapetalla (Jacq) Urb
Maholtine Abutilon periplocifolium Sweet
Malva Latin American term applied to several
Malvaceae
MALVA Sida micrantha Schrank
Malva blanca Urena lobata Cav
D7641 − 21
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Malva listro
Malva risco } Sida micrantha Schrank
Malva roxa Urena lobata Cav
Malva velluda Malache malacophylla (Néc & Mart) Stand
Malvas Urena lobata Cav
Manila Musa textilis Née (not hemp)
Manila hemp Musa textilis Née (not hemp)
Manila maguey Agave cantala Roxb
Mano largo Agave palmaris Trel
Mauritius hemp Furcraea gigantea Weber (not hemp)
Mazatlan hemp Agave tequilana Weber (not hemp)
MESCAL Fibre mixture, Agave sp
Mescal maguey Agave tequilana Weber
MESHTA Hibiscus cananbinus L H ferax Hook soft bast fiber India
Mexican sisal Agar fourcroydes Lem
Milkweed fiber Ascelpias sp (bast) bast fiber, also (see
Sec. I)
seed hair
Moorva Sansevieria sp
Musk hemp Hibiscus abelmoschus L (not hemp)
Musa ensete Gmel Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan coarse leaf fiber Ethiopia
Musa sapientum L Banana fiber coarse leaf fiber Tropics
Musa textilis Née ABACA, manila coarse leaf fiber Philippine Islands, Borneo, Sumatra
Nanas sabrong Agave cantala, Roxb
Natal hemp Furcraea gigantea Vent (not hemp)
Neoglaziovia variegata Mez CAROA caraua hard leaf fiber Brazil
New Zealand flax Phormium tenax Forst phormium or formio
New Zealand hemp } (not flax or hemp)
Nolina sp BEAR GRASS hard leaf fiber Southwest United States, Mexico
Ochra Hibiscus esculentus L
Olona Touchar dia latifolia Gaud
Ototo grande Urena lobata Cav
Paka Urena lobata Cav
Palma Samuela carnerosana Trel
Palma barreta Samuela carnerosana Trel
PALMA ISTLE }
Palmilla Yucca elata Engelm
Palmyra Borassus flabelifer L
Panama hat palm Carludovica palmata R & P (not a palm)
Pangane Sansevierid Kirkii Bak (not hemp)
Pangane hemp
Papoula de St Francis Hibiscus ferax Hook
Pata de mula Agave pes-mulae Trel
Pavonia malacophylla Wright
Pavonia schimperiana Hochst & A. Rich
Pavonia tomentosa Hochst & A. Rich Malva relludo UACIMA bast fiber Brazil
Phillibit black hemp Crotalaria juncea L (C tenuifolia Roxb) (not
hemp)
Philippine maguey Agave cantala Roxb
PHORMIUM Phormium tenax Forst
Phormium tenax Forst PHORMIUM hard leaf fiber Argentina, Chile, New Zealand, St. Helena
Pie de mula Agave pes-mulae Trel
Pineapple fibre (pina) Ananas comosus (L) Merr
Pineapple (wild) Aechmea magdalenae André
Pita Latin-American name for many different hard
fibers
Pita floya (floia) Aechmea magdalenae André
PITA ISTLE Yucca treculeana Carr
Pita palma }
PITEIRA Furcraea gigantea Vent
Pitre (peetray) Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq) Urb
POEPOES Agave cantala Roxb
Polompom Thespesia lampas Dalz & Dalz & Gibs
Pochote Ceiba aesculifolia (H.B.K.) Britt & F. G.
Bak
Pseudananas sagenarius (Arruda) Brazil
Camargo Bromelia sagenaria soft leaf fiber
Punga Cephalonema sp bast fiber Belgian Congo
Queensland hemp Sida rhombifolia L (not hemp)
RAMIE Boehmeria nivea L Gaud
RATTAN Calamus sp
Rhea Boehmeria nivea L Gaud
ROSELLE, rosella Hibiscus sabdariffa L
Samandoca Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel
Samuela carnerosana Trel PALMA ISTLE leaf fiber Mexico
D7641 − 21
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Salvador henequen Agave letonae F. W. Taylor
SAN SALVADOR SISAL }
Sansevieria cylindrica Boj Ifé hard leaf fiber Africa
Sansevieria Kirkii Bak Pangane hard leaf fiber South Africa
Sansevieria sp Bowstring hemp (not hemp) hard leaf fiber Florida
SANSEVIERIA Sansevieria sp hard leaf fiber Cuba
Sansevieria trifasciata Prain hard leaf fiber Cuba
Scaahuista Nolina sp
Scioa Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan
Seonie hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Sida micrantha Schrank Escobilla soft bast fiber India, Australia, Brazil
Sidamo Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan
Sida rhombifolia L Queensland hemp (not hemp) Australia
Silk grass Aechema magdalena André
SISAL Agave sisalana Perrine & Engelm
Sisal weisz Agave fourcroydes Lem
Soap weed Yucca glauca Nutt
Soft leaf fiber Pseudananas sagenarius (Arruda)
Camargo
SOUDAN SISAL Agave sisalana Perriné & Engelm
Spanish broom Cytisus scoparius (L) Link
Spartium junceum L Brom fibre Southern Europe
Spanish dagger Yucca macro carpa (Torr) Coville
St Francis poppy Hibiscus ferax Hook
St Helena hemp Phormium tenax Forst (not hemp)
SUNN Crotalaria juncea L
Swamp milkweed Asclepias inca nata L
TAMPICO Agave funkiana Koch & Bouché, and A.
lophantha var poselgeri (Salm-Dyck)
Berger
TEQUILA Agave tequilana Weber
Thespesia lampas Dalz & Dalz & Gibs Polom pom soft bast fiber Indochina
Thespesia populnea Sol.& Correa
Tientsin jute Abutilon theophrasti Medic Medii (not jute)
Toja Urena lobata Cav
TOSSA Corchorus olitorius L
Touchardia latifolia Gaud Olona soft bast fiber Hawaii
TULA ISTLE Agave lophantha var poselgeri (Salm-Dyck)
Berger
Uacima Urenal lobata Cav
Uaixima
Urena lobata Cav CONGO JUTE, GUAXIMA Belgian Congo, Venezuela, Brazil, United
States, Cuba, Argentina
Urena sinuata Wedd Cuban jute, Kunjia Cuba, Bengal
Urtica nivea L RAMIE, Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud China
Victoria sisal Agave fourcroydes Lem
Warangel hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Yacci Agave sisalana Perrine & Engelm
Yaxi
Yucatan sisal Agave fourcroydes Lem
D
YUCCA hard leaf fiber
E
Yucca angustifolia BEAR GRASS, soap weed
Yucca glauca Nutt BEAR GRASS, soap weed
Yucca treculena Carr PITA ISTLE
D
Yucca
Zada buack Abutilon longicuspe Hochst & A. Rich
Zamandoque Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel
E
ZAPUPE Agave zapupe Trel
A
Preferred or most common names are in capital letters; botanical names are in italics. The abbreviation sp is for the word “species,” the subdivisions of a genus.
B
Not found in botanical literature.
C
Authority cannot be determined.
D
Many Yucca species yield fiber; the principal ones are included in this table.
E
Many Agave species yield fiber known as zapupe.
D7641 − 21
TABLE 4 Vegetable Fibers: Palm and Miscellaneous
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Acrocomia sp Corojo palm leaf fiber South America, West Indies
African fiber Chamaerops humilis L palm leaf segments North Africa
Alfa Stipa tenacissima L grass leaves Mediterranean
Aren Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr palm fiber Java
Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr Aren palm fiber Java
Astrocaryum tucuma Mart Tecum, tucum; when mixed with Bactris
setosa Mart palm leaf fiber Brazil
Attalea funifera Mart Bahia bass plam leaf-base fiber Brazil
Bactris sp Mocoro palm fiber South America
Bactris setosa Mart See Astrocaryum tucuma Mart palm fiber Brazil
Bahia bass
Bahia piassava Attalea funifera Mart palm leaf-base fiber Brazil
Bamboo Bambus sp stem segments Tropics
Bambusa sp Bamboo
Bass Attalea funifera Mart Leopoldina piassaba
Wallace & Archer Raphia sp Vonitra sp palm fiber Tropics
Bassine Borassus flabellifer L palm leaf-stem fiber India
Borassus flabellifer L Palmyra bassine palm leaf-stem fiber India
Broom corn Sorghum bicolar (L) Moench. (S technicum
Batt & Trab) flower head United States
Broom root Muhlenbergia macoura (H.B.K.) Hitchc roots Mexico
Buntal Corypha utan Lam palm fiber East Indies
Buri Corypha uta
...
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