ASTM A485-17(2022)

Standard Specification for High Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers high hardenability modifications of high-carbon bearing quality steel to be used in the manufacture of antifriction bearings. The grades of steels covered here are: Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade B2, Grade B3, Grade B4, Grade B5, Grade B6, Grade B7, and Grade B8. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, titanium, copper, molybdenum, oxygen, and aluminum. The steels shall undergo normalizing followed by spheroidize annealing before heating for end quenching. Test for hardenability shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required Brinell and Rockwell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers high hardenability modifications of high-carbon bearing quality steel to be used in the manufacture of antifriction bearings.  
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2022
• ICS: 77.140.20 - Stainless steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.28 - Bearing and Power Transmission Steels

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E45-18a(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM A255-10(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-15 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM A255-10(2014) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Refers: ASTM A751-14 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-12 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-12e1 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM E45-11a - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-11a - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Refers: ASTM E45-11 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-11 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM E1019-11 - Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2011
• Refers: ASTM E45-10 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2010
• Refers: ASTM A255-10 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Refers: ASTM E1019-08 - Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A485 −17 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
High Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-
ization of Steel Specimens
1.1 This specification covers high hardenability modifica-
2.2 Other Standards:
tions of high-carbon bearing quality steel to be used in the
SAE J148a Grain Size Determination of Steel
manufacture of antifriction bearings.
ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order. 3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical include the following information:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. 3.1.2 Grade identification,
3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.4 Dimensions,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.5 Supplementary requirements, if included.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Process
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
providing a high quality product meeting the requirements of
this specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Chemical Composition and Analysis
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shown
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
in Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.
A255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
steel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods and
Steel Products
Practices A751. The chemical composition thus determined
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 for the
Steel
ordered grade or to other requirements agreed upon between
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
manufacturer and purchaser.
Blooms, and Forgings
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser in
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
accordancewithTestMethodsandPracticesA751.Permissible
Alloys by Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion
variations in product analysis shall be in accordance with
Techniques
Specification A29/A29M.
6. Sizes, Shapes, and Dimensional Tolerances
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
6.1 The physical size and shape of the material shall be
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.28 on Bearing and Power Transmission Steels.
agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
Current edition approved March 1, 2022. Published March 2022. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A485 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/A0485-17R22. Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
the ASTM website. Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A485−17 (2022)
A, B
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
C D
ISO Name C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Ni (max) Ti (max) Cu (max) Mo O (max) Al (max)
... Grade 1 0.90–1.05 0.90–1.20 0.025 0.015 0.45–0.75 0.90–1.20 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050
... Grade 2 0.85–1.00 1.40–1.70 0.025 0.015 0.50–0.80 1.40–1.80 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050
... Grade 3 0.95–1.10 0.65–0.90 0.025 0.015 0.15–0.35 1.10–1.50 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.20–0.30 0.0015 0.050
... Grade 4 0.95–1.10 1.05–1.35 0.025 0.015 0.15–0.35 1.10–1.50 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.45–0.60 0.0015 0.050
E
ISO 100CrMnSi4–4 0.93–1.05 0.90–1.20 0.025 0.015 0.45–0.75 0.90–1.20 . . . 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050
E
ISO 100CrMnSi6–4 0.93–1.05 1.00–1.20 0.025 0.015 0.45–0.75 1.40–1.65 . . . 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050
E
ISO 100CrMnSi6–6 0.93–1.05 1.40–1.70 0.025 0.015 0.45–0.75 1.40–1.65 . . . 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050
E
ISO 100CrMo7 0.93–1.05 0.25–0.45 0.025 0.015 0.15–0.45 1.65–1.95 . . . 0.30 0.15–0.30 0.0015 0.050
E
ISO 100CrMo7–3 0.93–1.05 0.60–0.80 0.025 0.015 0.15–0.45 1.65–1.95 . . . 0.30 0.20–0.35 0.0015 0.050
E
ISO 100CrMo7–4 0.93–1.05 0.60–0.80 0.025 0.015 0.15–0.35 1.65–1.95 . . . 0.30 0.40–0.50 0.0015 0.050
E
ISO 100CrMnMoSi8–4–6 0.93–1.05 0.80–1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40–0.60 1.80–2.05 . . . 0.30 0.50–0.60 0.0015 0.050
A
Elements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.
B
Intentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.
C
Steels listed as ISO meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Third Edition, Table 3.
D
Oxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.
E
A maximum titanium content may be agreed upon at the time of inquiry and order.
TABLE 2 Inclusion Rating
6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or hot-rolled and
Rating Units
annealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finished
Thin Series Heavy Series
bars furnished under this specification shall conform to the
A—2.5 A—1.5
requirements specified in the latest edition of Specification B—2.0 B—1.0
C—0.5 C—0.5
A29/A29M.
D—1.0 D—1.0
7. Quality Tests
7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality of
TABLE 3 Hardenability Values
the material furnished and shall make the necessary tests to
Rockwell C
ensure this quality. The supplier shall be required to report on
Minimum Rockwell C Values at Sixteenth of Inch
Grade 10 20 28
the results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below.
1 46 . .
Quality tests shown in 7.1 through 7.3 are based upon
2 . . . 52 32
procedures established in Test Methods E45.
3 46 . .
4 . . . 52 35
7.2 Sampling—Samples taken in accordance with the fol-
lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 in. by 4 in.
(102 mm by 102 mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests
may be made on smaller or larger sections by agreement with
for rating the specimens shall be the chart described in Test
the purchaser. A minimum of 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets
Methods E45, MethodA, Plate I-A. Inclusion fields with sizes
or forged sections is required for strand cast products.
or numbers intermediate between configurations shown on the
7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samples
chart shall be classified as the lesser of the rating number. The
representing the top and bottom of the first, middle and last
worst field of each inclusion type from each specimen shall be
usable ingots shall be examined.
recorded as the rating for the specimen. Two thirds of all
7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of six
specimens and at least one from each ingot tested, or from the
samples shall be taken from semi-finished or finished product
first, middle and last portion of the strands tested as well as the
representingthetopandbottomofthreeingots.Oneingotshall
average of all specimens, shall not exceed the rating specified
betakenatrandomfromthefirstusableplatepoured,oneingot
in Table 2.
atrandomfromtheusableplatepourednearesttothemiddleof
8. Grain Size
the heat, and one ingot at random from the last usable plate
poured.Wh
...