ASTM D695-02a

Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.
Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.
Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1—For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D 3410.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in Note 11.
Note 2—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 604.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-2002
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D695-02 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D695-08 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F561-19 - Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F3489-23 - Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing of Polymers — Material Extrusion — Recommendation for Material Handling and Evaluation of Static Mechanical Properties
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3753-20 - Standard Specification for Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Manholes and Wetwells
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F1635-16 - Standard Test Method for <emph type="bdit">in vitro</emph> Degradation Testing of Hydrolytically Degradable Polymer Resins and Fabricated Forms for Surgical Implants
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1425-19 - Standard Test Method for Interlaminar Shear Strength of 1D and 2D Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4101-17e1 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5467/D5467M-97(2017) - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Sandwich Beam
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F2953-12(2021) - Standard Specification for Phenolic Raw Materials for the Use in Bearing Cages
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1358-18 - Standard Test Method for Monotonic Compressive Strength Testing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with Solid Rectangular Cross Section Test Specimens at Ambient Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C582-23 - Standard Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic (RTP) Laminates for Corrosion-Resistant Equipment
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3754-19 - Standard Specification for &#x201c;Fiberglass&#x201d; (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer and Industrial Pressure Pipe
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F3333-20 - Standard Specification for Chopped Carbon Fiber Reinforced (CFR) Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polymers for Surgical Implant Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D695–02a
Standard Test Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
6
1. Scope* E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the me-
6
someters
chanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plas-
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
tics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in
7
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or
loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 General— The definitions of plastics used in this test
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
method are in accordance with Terminology D 883 unless
NOTE 1—For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites rein-
otherwise indicated.
forced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforce-
3.2 Definitions:
ments, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D 3410.
3.2.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length pro-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
duced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
load. It is expressed in units of length.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive defor-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-
change in length per unit of original length along the longitu-
tionary statement is given in Note 11.
dinal axis. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
3.2.3 compressive strength—the maximum compressive
NOTE 2—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 604.
stress (nominal) carried by a test specimen during a compres-
2. Referenced Documents
sion test. It may or may not be the compressive stress
(nominal) carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
3.2.4 compressive strength at failure (nominal)—the com-
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
2
pressive stress (nominal) sustained at the moment of failure of
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
2
the test specimen if shattering occurs.
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3.2.5 compressive stress (nominal)—the compressive load
D 3410 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Poly-
perunitareaofminimumoriginalcrosssectionwithinthegage
mer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage
3
boundaries, carried by the test specimen at any given moment.
Section by Shear Loading
It is expressed in force per unit area.
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
4
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The expression of compressive proper-
rials
ties in terms of the minimum original cross section is almost
D 4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Ex-
4
universally used. Under some circumstances the compressive
trusion Materials
properties have been expressed per unit of prevailing cross
D 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
5
section. These properties are called “true” compressive prop-
Plastics Specimens
erties.
3.2.6 compressive stress-strain diagram—a diagram in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
which values of compressive stress are plotted as ordinates
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
against corresponding values of compressive strain as abscis-
Current edition approved August 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally
sas.
published as D 695 – 42 T. Last previous edition D 695 – 02.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
4 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
5 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D695–02a
3.2.7 compressive yield point—
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