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ASTM C1054-85(1995)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens

Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemically and nonchemically bonded aluminum-silicate and high alumina plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classified in accordance with Classification C673.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1994
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.09 - Monolithics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1054-03 - Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003

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ASTM C1054-85(1995) - Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix SpecimensASTM C1054-85(1995) - Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
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ASTM C1054-85(1995) - Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1054 – 85 (Reapproved 1995)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1054; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Materials at Elevated Temperatures
C 673 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemi-
Refractories and Ramming Mixes
cally and nonchemically bonded aluminum-silicate and high
C 704 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory
alumina plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classi-
Materials at Room Temperature
fied in accordance with Classification C 673.
C 830 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorp-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
information only.
C 832 Test Method of Measuring the Thermal Expansion
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and Creep of Refractories Under Load
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C 874 Practice for Rotary Slag Testing of Refractory Mate-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rials
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C 885 Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Shapes by Sonic Resonance
2. Referenced Documents
C 914 Test Method for Bulk Density and Volume of Solid
Refractories by Wax Immersion
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 16 Test Method of Load Testing Refractory Brick at High
3. Significance and Use
Temperatures
3.1 This practice is useful for producing uniform specimens
C 20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorp-
of refractory plastics and ramming mixes for use in standard
tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of
ASTM tests. Samples thus formed may be used for referee
Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
testing when setting specifications between producer and user.
C 113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
Forming parameters such as sample size, workability, and
C 133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
forming pressure should be agreed upon and specified in the
lus of Rupture of Refractories
report when referee testing.
C 179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of
3.2 This practice is applicable for preparing test specimens
Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
1 1
of various sizes. Note that 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. (228 by 114 by
C 180 Method of Panel Spalling Testing Fireclay Plastic
64-mm) samples, because of their large cross-section, have a
Refractories
greater tendency to form flaws during pressing, handling, and
C 181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and
2 drying than smaller cross-sectional samples.
High-Alumina Plastic Refractories
3.3 Other tests for which these specimens may be used
C 288 Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an
2 encompass, but are not limited to, the following ASTM
Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
standards: Method C 16, Test Methods C 20, Test Method
C 417 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired
2 C 113, Test Methods C 133, Test Method C 179, Method
Monolithic Refractories
C 180, Test Method C 288, Test Method C 417, Method C 546,
C 546 Method of Load Testing Refractory Brick at High
4 Test Method C 577, Test Method C 583, Test Method C 704,
Temperatures, Long-Time
Test Methods C 830, Test Method C 832, Practice C 874, Test
C 577 Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
Method C 885, and Test Method C 914.
C 583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory
3.4 A purpose of this practice is to minimize flaws in
pressed specimens. It is not intended to duplicate all field
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on Refractories
installation conditions.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithic Refractories.
3.5 Variations in workability as determined by Test Method
Current edition approved Dec. 27, 1985. Published February 1985.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
C 181 can significantly affect the number of flaws contained in
Discontinued. See 1984 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
a specimen. For comparison testing between two laboratories,
Discontinued. See 1985 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superceded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or¬discontinued.¬
Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
C 1054
the workability level should be established by mutual agree- impermeable material if longer periods of air exposure are
ment. expected (Note 4).
3.6 This practice is not intended for preparing specimens of
NOTE 4—Exposure in air may lead to a change in workability.
basic ramming mixes, anhydrous tap-hole mixes, nor resin
6.3 Pressing of Specimens—Apply a pressure sufficient to
bonded mixes.
achieve a well-consolidated specimen (typically 750 to 1250
4. Apparatus
psi (5.17 to 8.62 MPa) for plastics, higher pressures may be
necessary for ramming mixes) (Note 5). This pressure should
4.1 Power Press, preferably of the hydraulic type, equipped
not be so high that a portion of the mix is forced out of the
with suitable molds for forming specimens of the required size
mold by extrusion through the clearance space located between
(Note 1). The press should be capable of a minimum of 1500
the plunger of the mold and the walls of the die cavity (Note 6).
psi (10.34 MPa) pressure when forming the largest cross-
To eliminate possible entrapped air, apply an initial load of
sectional area specimen.
approximately 250 psi (1.72 MPa). Relieve this pressure, and
NOTE 1—It may be advisable to have the molds slightly oversized so
then increase to the selected pressure.
that, after drying, the specimens will be close to the required size for the
specific test.
NOTE 5—Single- and double-action presses may produce differing
degrees of consolidation when pressing some ramming mixes.
4.2 Drying Oven, preferably forced-draft rather than natural
NOTE 6—The total clearance space between the plunger and the walls
convection, capable of reaching 650°F (345°C) with a capacity
should not exceed ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm).
to hold ten 9-in. (228-mm) straight brick.
6.4 Removal of Specimens from Mold—When removing the
4.3 Balance, 15 lb (6.8 kg) capacity with sensitivity of 0.02
bar specimen from the mold, use the two support pieces against
lb (9 g).
the sides of the bar (as shown in F
...

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1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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4.1 This test method was developed for use both by manufacturers as a process control tool for the production of AZS fusion-cast refractories, and by glass manufacturers in the selection of refractories and design of glass-melting furnaces.  
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1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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2.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluating the resistance of refractories in glass-melting furnace superstructures to vapor attack. This test method may also be useful for evaluating refractories in other applications where vapor attack occurs.  
2.2 An electric-heated furnace is recommended. Water vapor and other atmospheric components in a gas- or fuel-fired furnace may participate in the chemical and physical reactions being studied. Results may differ, therefore, depending upon the nature and type of firing employed.  
2.3 The degree of correlation between this test method and service performance is not fully determinable. This is intended to be an accelerated test method that generates a substantial degree of reaction in a relatively short amount of time. This acceleration may be accomplished by changing the composition and/or concentration of the reactants, increasing temperatures, or by performing the test in an isothermal environment.  
2.4 Since the test method may not accurately simulate the service environment, observed results of this test method may not be representative of those found in service. It is imperative that the user understand and consider how the results of this test method may differ from those encountered in service. This is particularly likely if the reaction products, their nature, or their degree differ from those normally found in the actual service environment.  
2.5 It is incumbent upon the user to understand that this is an aggressive, accelerated test method and to be careful in interpreting the results. If, for example, the reaction species have never been found in a real-world furnace, then this test method should not necessarily be considered valid to evaluate the refractory in question.
SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.2 The specimens must have a constant cross-sectional area over a length (L).  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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