ASTM F3077-14

Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Women’s Lacrosse

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors designed for use by players of women’s lacrosse that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact and penetration of lacrosse balls. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the head.  
1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye contact is determined by observation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Metric units of measurement in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value for measurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.  
1.4 This standard applies to plano eyewear only.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2014
• ICS: 13.340.20 - Head protective equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.57 - Eye Safety for Sports

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM F3137-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Headgear Used in Women’s Lacrosse (excluding Goalkeepers)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F3077 −14
Standard Specification for
Eye Protectors for Women’s Lacrosse
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3077; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ANSI Z87.1Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye
and Face Protectors
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverseyeprotectorsdesignedforuse
2.3 Federal Standard:
by players of women’s lacrosse that minimize or significantly
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special
reduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact and
Technical Publication 374Method for Determining the
penetration of lacrosse balls. Protective eyewear offers protec-
Resolving Power of Photographic Lenses
tion only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the
head. 2.4 Canadian Standard:
CSA Z262.6 Specifications for Facially Featured Head
1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye
Forms
contact is determined by observation.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Terminology
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
only. Metric units of measurement in this specification are in
3.1.1 binocular, adj—relating to the field of view which is
accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a
shared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneous
valueformeasurementasgiveninthisspecificationisfollowed
activity of the two eyes.
by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be
3.1.2 central viewing zone, n—that part of the eye of a
regarded as the requirement.Agiven equivalent value may be
protector which has its center in line with the wearer’s normal
approximate.
line of sight.
1.4 This standard applies to plano eyewear only.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The zone is circular in shape, and 40
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
mmindiameter.Thecenterofthecentralviewingzoneshallbe
test methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specifica-
the point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as
tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
mounted on the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.1.3 cleanable, n—abilityofaprotectivedevicetobemade
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during an
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
appropriatecleaningprocess,suchastheuseofsoapandwater.
limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 coverage, n—characteristic of a protective device that
2. Referenced Documents
obstructs straight line paths that are coincident with the
wearer’s eyes.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
3.1.5 definition (optical), n—characteristic of a lens that
of Transparent Plastics
allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-
2.2 ANSI Standards:
cerned when looking through the lens.
ANSI Z80.3Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses
3.1.6 eye, n—relating to the eye of a test headform or the
and Fashion Eyewear
eye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eye
protective device through which a wearer’s eye would nor-
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
mally look.
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.
3.1.7 eye of the headform, n—allstructurescontainedwithin
Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published August 2014. DOI: 10.1520/
the orbital rim of the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)
F3077-14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
the ASTM website. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3077−14
3.1.8 haze, n—fraction of the total transmitted light from a 3.1.18.1 horizontal imbalance, n—difference in prismatic
normally incident beam which is not transmitted in a focused deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of a
condition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects. protective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in and
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Excessive haze will reduce contrast base-out.)
and visibility.
3.1.18.2 vertical imbalance, n—difference in prismatic de-
3.1.9 headform optical parameters, n—key dimensions for viation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes
the head forms.
of a protective device in the vertical meridian.
3.1.10 impact resistance, n—theabilityofadevicetoafford
3.1.19 protective device (or protector), n—device that pro-
protection from impact as required by this specification.
vides protection to the wearer’s eye against specific hazards
encountered in sports.
3.1.11 lens, n—when so equipped, the transparent part or
partsofaprotectivedevicethroughwhichthewearernormally
3.1.20 refractive power, n—focusing effect of a lens ex-
sees.
pressed in diopters.
3.1.12 luminous transmittance, n—function of the spectral
3.1.20.1 astigmatism, n—conditioninalensthatcreatestwo
transmittance of the lens weighted by the corresponding
axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines being
ordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of
mutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two
the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by the
different refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
spectral intensity of standard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3,
3.1.21 scotoma, n—blind or partially blind area within the
Paragraph 3.9.1.)
visual field.
3.1.13 normal lines of sight, n—straight ahead horizontal
3.1.22 spherical power, n—the average of the maximum
lines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriate
meridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridional
headform.
astigmatic power of a lens.
3.1.14 penetration resistance, n—the ability of a device to
afford protection from moving objects as required by this
4. Classification
specification.
4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:
3.1.15 plano lens, n—a lens that does not incorporate a
4.1.1 Type I—Aprotector with the lens or lenses and frame
corrective prescription. This lens is not necessarily flat.
frontpiecemoldedasoneunit.Frametemplesorotherdevices,
3.1.16 power imbalance, n—relates to the condition in
such as straps, to affix the lens/front piece may be separate
which the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protector
pieces.
is different as presented to the two eyes.
4.1.2 Type II—Aprotectorwithasinglelensorlenses,either
plano or prescription, mounted in a frame that was manufac-
3.1.17 prism, n—a device that bends a beam of light as a
tured as a separate unit.
result of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lens
4.1.3 Type III—A protector without a lens.
through which the beam of light traverses.
3.1.17.1 Discussion—The amount of bending is a function
of the curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the material 5. General Requirements
and the angle of approach of the line of sight to the optical
5.1 Materials of Construction:
surface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount of
5.1.1 The manufacturer’s choice of material shall be in
bendingthatisimposeduponthelineofsightofawearerofan
accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
eye protector for the specified viewing position. Prism is
5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
expressed in diopters. The deviation of the line of sight by 1
shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.
cm/m is one prism diopter.
5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face,
3.1.17.1 base-in, n—relating to the type of prism imbalance
except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant loss
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a
of strength or flexibility, or other physical change as a result of
protector, spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, to
perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearer’s skin and hair.
converge.
5.1.3.1 Manufacturerwillprovidematerialselectionand,by
3.1.17.2 base-out, n—relating to the type of prism imbal- affidavit, support 5.1.1 – 5.1.3.
ance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through
5.1.4 Cleanability—Protective devices shall be capable of
a protector, spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, to being cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accor-
diverge.
dance with the method described in 9.1, they shall remain
functional in all ways.
3.1.17.3 base-up, n—refers to the type of prism that causes
a horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects to
5.2 Finishes and Construction—The protector shall be con-
appear lower than their true position.
structed in a manner to prevent the missile or components of
the protector from contact with the eye of the headform when
3.1.17.4 base-down, n—refers to the type of prism that
tested in accordance with Section 10.
causesahorizontalbeamoflighttobenddowncausingobjects
to appear higher than their true position.
5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided the
3.1.18 prism imbalance, n— protector passes the standard without straps.
F3077−14
6. Performance Requirements 6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headform
when tested in accordance with Section 10 shall not constitute
6.1 Optical Requirements—Type I and II Protectors:
a failure, provided all of the above mechanical requirements
6.1.1 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance
are met.
with 8.6, the spherical power shall be in the range of +0.06
diopters to –0.18 diopters.
7. Sample Preparation
6.1.2 Astigmatism—Whentestedinaccordancewith8.5,the
7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered for
astigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.
sale shall be tested.
6.1.3 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall not
7.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at two
exceed 0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-ahead
temperatures, 35 6 2°C and –6 6 2°C for a minimum of 4 h.
seeing.
TEST METHODS
6.1.4 Prism—Fortheprimaryviewingpositionofeithereye
of a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall not
8. Optical Tests
exceed0.50prismdiopterswhentestedinaccordancewith8.3.
6.1.5 Prism Imbalance: 8.1 Optical Quality—Localized power errors or aberrations
6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In—0.25 prism diopters. thataredetectedbythevisualinspectionprocedureof8.1.1are
6.1.5.2 Base-Out—0.50 prism diopters. permissible if no measurable or gross focimeter or telescope
6.1.6 Luminous Transmittance—When tested in accordance target distortion or blur is found when the localized area is
with 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of not examined with an instrument as indicated in 8.1.2.
less than 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % for 8.1.1 Inspection Procedure—One method of optical inspec-
tinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as would tion is to view a high-contrast grid pattern of dark and white
be viewed by the two eyes through a single protector as worn lines through the lens, scanning it area by area and moving it
shall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured at about. The grid pattern should be at least 18 by 18 in. and
the design line of sight) unless specifically prescribed by an constructed of high contrast black lines on a white background
ophthalmic professional. (thewhiteseparationsbeingequaltotheblacklines,bothbeing
6.1.7 Ultraviolet Transmittance—UVB(290–315nm),clear approximately ⁄4 in. wide).The target should be at least 6 to 8
protectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum. ft from the observer, and the lens should be held at least 18 to
UVA(315–380nm),clearprotectors,50%maximum,sunglass 24in.fromtheeye.Anyripplesinthelensdetectedbythistest
types, 0.5 luminous transmittance. method should be further examined in accordance with 8.1.2.
6.1.8 Haze—When tested in accordance with 8.4, the haze 8.1.2 The referee method of detecting optical defects and
in the protector shall not exceed 3 %. localaberrationsistoscanthecentralviewingzone,especially
6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of the areasofsuspicionarisingfromthevisualtestof8.1.1.Thelens
image during the test for refractive power or prism shall be orshieldshouldbescannedwithaprecisionfocimeteroran8×
further tested in accordance with 8.1. to 10× telescope using the targets and arrangements described
6.1.10 Optical Quality—Within the central viewing zone, in 8.5.2. The aperture should be 5 to 7 mm for this examina-
striaewarpage,surfaceripples,lenticulations,orabruptoptical tion.Areas outside the central viewing zone or within 6 mm of
changesthatarevisibleunderthetestconditionsof8.1andthat the edge need not be tested. When the central viewing area is
would impair the function of the lens shall be cause for scanned, there shall be no sudden jump, doubling, or blurring
rejection. Visual impairment is defined by the scanning and of the image greater than 0.08 diopters change in power.
focimeter test of 8.1. Gradual variations in the central viewing zone shall be within
6.1.11 Surface and Internal Defects—Pits, scratches, the power imbalance tolerances. An optical focimeter with
bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that are electronic readout repeatable to 0.02 diopters is a satisfactory
visible under the test conditions of 8.6 and that would impair alternate method. These scanning procedures may be made by
the function of the lens shall be a cause for rejection. Grayness scanning across the lens surface not necessarily in the “as
should be evaluated by the requirements of 6.1.6. worn” mode.
6.2 Mechanical Requirements: 8.2 Luminous Transmittance—Use a suitable photometer,
6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall be such as a Gardner Hazemeter
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