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ASTM E176-04ae1

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology of Fire Standards

Standard Terminology of Fire Standards

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in fire-test-response standards, fire-hazard-assessment standards, and fire-risk-assessment standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific fire-test-response standard, fire-hazard-assessment standard, or fire-risk-assessment standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted.
Note 1—For additional information, refer to ASTM Policy on Fire Standards.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2004
ICS
01.040.13 - Environment. Health protection. Safety (Vocabularies)
13.220.20 - Fire protection
Technical Committee
E05 - Fire Standards
Drafting Committee
E05.31 - Terminology and Services / Functions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E176-04a - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Replaced By
ASTM E176-05 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
Effective Date
01-Feb-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2187-20a - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E3134-20 - Standard Specification for Transportation Tunnel Structural Components and Passive Fire Protection Systems
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2032-21 - Standard Practice for Extension of Data From Fire Resistance Tests Conducted in Accordance with ASTM E 119
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8280-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Blooming of Brominated Flame Retardants onto the Surface of Plastic Materials by Ion Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6194-23 - Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2307-23a - Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E3157-23 - Standard Guide for Understanding and Using Information Related to Installation of Firestop Systems
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D876-21 - Standard Test Methods for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer Tubing Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7936-20 - Standard Test Method for Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Intended for Wires or Cables When Burning in Horizontal Configuration
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2690-22 - Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Caulks and Sealants to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2336-20 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Resistive Grease Duct Enclosure Systems
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2058-19 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8354-21 - Standard Test Method for Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Intended for Wires or Cables When Burning in a Vertical Configuration
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004

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ASTM E176-04ae1 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:E 176–04a
Standard Terminology of
1
Fire Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 176; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—The safety caveat and “no quantitative measurements” statement were added to the Scope in October 2004.
1. Scope E603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments
E163 Method for Fire Tests of Window Assemblies
1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and
E648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-
descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in fire-test-
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
response standards, fire-hazard-assessment standards, and fire-
E800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Gener-
risk-assessment standards. Definitions of terms are special-
ated During Fires
purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard
E814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration
definitions but are written to ensure that a specific fire-test-
Fire Stops
response standard, fire-hazard-assessment standard, or fire-
E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
risk-assessment standard is properly understood and precisely
Rates for Materials and Products
interpreted.
E970 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed
NOTE 1—For additional information, refer to ASTM Policy on Fire
AtticFloorInsulationUsingaRadiantHeatEnergySource
2
Standards.
E1317 Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Finishes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Flame Spread Properties
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E1352 Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies
1.3 Thisfirestandardcannotbeusedtoprovidequantitative
E1353 Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of
measures.
Components of Upholstered Furniture
E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
2. Referenced Documents
Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sumption Calorimeter
D3286 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
E1355 Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of
Coke by the Isoperibol Bomb Calorimeter
Deterministic Fire Models
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
E1474 TestMethodforDeterminingtheHeatReleaseRate
Building Materials
of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or
E136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical
Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption
Tube Furace at 750°C
Calorimeter
E119 Test Methods for FireTests of Building Construction
E1509 SpecificationforRoomHeaters,PelletFuelBurning
and Materials
Type
E152 Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
E1529 Test Method for Determining Effects of Large
Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and As-
semblies
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
E1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-
Standards and is the responsibility of Subcommittee E05.31 on Terminology and
ture Items
Editorial.
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally
E1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E176–04.
E1623 Test Method for Determination of Fire andThermal
2
Available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho-
Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using an
hocken, PA 19428.
3
Intermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
E 176–04a
E1678 Test Method for Measuring SmokeToxicity for Use tation of fire-test-response standards, fire-hazard-assessment
in Fire Hazard Analyses standards, and fire-risk-assessment standards in which they
E1725 Test Method for Fire Tests of Fire Resistive Barrier appear.
Systems for Electrical System Components 3.2.2 A specific definition of a given term is applicable to
E1740 TestMethodforDeterminingtheHeatReleaseRate the standard or standards
...

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ASTM E176-21ae1(Terminology)
Standard Terminology of Fire Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Definitions—Terms and related definitions given in Section 4 are intended for use uniformly and consistently in all fire test standards and in all fire-test-response standards, fire-hazard-assessment standards, and fire-risk-assessment standards in which they appear.  
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:  
3.2.1 As indicated in Section 4, terms and their definitions are intended to provide a precise understanding and interpretation of fire-test-response standards, fire-hazard-assessment standards, and fire-risk-assessment standards in which they appear.  
3.2.2 A specific definition of a given term is applicable to the standard or standards in which the term is described and used.  
3.2.3 Different definitions of the same term, appearing respectively in two or more standards, are acceptable provided each one is consistent with and not in conflict with the standard definition for the same term, that is, concept.  
3.2.4 Each standard in which a term is used in a manner specially defined (see 1.1 and Section 5) shall list the term and its description under the subheading, Definitions of Terms.  
3.3 Definitions for some terms associated with fire issues and not included in Terminology E176 are found in ISO 13943. When discrepancies exist, the definition in Terminology E176 shall prevail.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in fire-test-response standards, fire-hazard-assessment standards, and fire-risk-assessment standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific fire-test-response standard, fire-hazard-assessment standard, or fire-risk-assessment standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted.  
Note 1: For additional information, refer to ASTM Policy on Fire Standards.2 See also Annex A1 of Practice E535.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E176-21ae1(Terminology)
Standard Terminology of Fire Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Definitions—Terms and related definitions given in Section 4 are intended for use uniformly and consistently in all fire test standards and in all fire-test-response standards, fire-hazard-assessment standards, and fire-risk-assessment standards in which they appear.  
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:  
3.2.1 As indicated in Section 4, terms and their definitions are intended to provide a precise understanding and interpretation of fire-test-response standards, fire-hazard-assessment standards, and fire-risk-assessment standards in which they appear.  
3.2.2 A specific definition of a given term is applicable to the standard or standards in which the term is described and used.  
3.2.3 Different definitions of the same term, appearing respectively in two or more standards, are acceptable provided each one is consistent with and not in conflict with the standard definition for the same term, that is, concept.  
3.2.4 Each standard in which a term is used in a manner specially defined (see 1.1 and Section 5) shall list the term and its description under the subheading, Definitions of Terms.  
3.3 Definitions for some terms associated with fire issues and not included in Terminology E176 are found in ISO 13943. When discrepancies exist, the definition in Terminology E176 shall prevail.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in fire-test-response standards, fire-hazard-assessment standards, and fire-risk-assessment standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific fire-test-response standard, fire-hazard-assessment standard, or fire-risk-assessment standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted.  
Note 1: For additional information, refer to ASTM Policy on Fire Standards.2 See also Annex A1 of Practice E535.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM B637-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
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1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3337-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Taking Property and Behavior Measurements on Weathered Fractions of Oil

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A standard procedure is necessary to establish property changes for spilled oils or petroleum products at different oil weathering stages.  
5.2 This procedure employs standardized equipment, and test procedures.  
5.3 This procedure should be performed at the stages of weathering corresponding to the spill conditions of interest.
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1.1 This guide summarizes methods to fractionate oil by evaporative weathering and then measure the properties and behavior of the weathered oil. The results of this guide can provide oil behavior data for input into oil spill models and response method selection.  
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1.3 The results obtained using this guide are intended to provide baseline data for the behavior of oil and petroleum products when spilled and input to oil spill models.  
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1.5 The accuracy of the guide depends very much on the representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can have different properties depending on their chemical contents at the moment a sample is taken.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
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1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
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1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
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ASTM D8139-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Semi-Rigid, Closed-Cell Polypropylene Foam, Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction

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1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers made from closed-cell polypropylene foam materials having suitable compressibility, recovery from compression, nonextruding, and weather-resistant characteristics.  
1.1.1 Type I, closed-cell polypropylene foam.  
1.2 These joint fillers are intended for use in concrete pavements in full-depth joints. There are several variations in size with typical thicknesses of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm), 3/4 in. (19.05 mm), and 1 in. (25.4 mm); typical widths of 31/2 in. (88.9 mm), 4 in. (101.6 mm), 5 in. (127 mm), 6 in. (152.5 mm), 7 in. (177.8 mm), 8 in. (203.2 mm), or 48 in. (1.2 m) sheet; and typical lengths of 5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.05 m).  
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ASTM D6390-23(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine whether the amount of draindown measured for a given asphalt mixture is within specified acceptable levels. The test provides an evaluation of the draindown potential of an asphalt mixture during mixture design and/or during field production. This test is primarily used for mixtures with high coarse aggregate content such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of draindown in an uncompacted asphalt mixture sample when the sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to those encountered during the production, storage, transport, and placement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable to mixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).  
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ASTM D545-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Types)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The compression resistance perpendicular to the faces, the resistance to the extrusion during compression, and the ability to recover after release of the load are indicative of a joint filler's ability to continuously fill a concrete expansion joint and thereby prevent damage that might otherwise occur during thermal expansion. The asphalt content is a measure of the fiber-type joint filler's durability and life expectancy. In the case of cork-type fillers, the resistance to water absorption and resistance to boiling hydrochloric acid are relative measures of durability and life expectancy.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the physical properties associated with preformed expansion joint fillers. The test methods include:    
Property  
Section  
Expansion in Boiling Water  
7.1  
Recovery and Compression  
7.2  
Extrusion  
7.3  
Boiling in Hydrochloric Acid  
7.4  
Asphalt Content  
7.5  
Water Absorption  
7.6  
Density  
7.7
Note 1: Specific test methods are applicable only to certain types of joint fillers, as stated herein.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D517-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Asphalt Plank

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt plank used for bridge decks as well as for industrial floors. Asphalt planks shall be classified according to usage: Type Ia; Type Ib; and Type II. Asphalt plank shall be formed from a mixture of asphalt, fibers, modifiers, or a combination thereof, and mineral filler in such a manner as to produce a uniformly dense mass. The following test methods shall be intended to measure those attributes necessary to measure the ability of asphalt plank to provide a reasonably long and satisfactory service: absorption; brittleness; dimensions; and hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt plank used for bridge decks as well as for industrial floors.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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