ASTM D5092/D5092M-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
Standard Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice for the design and installation of groundwater monitoring wells will promote (1) efficient and effective site hydrogeological characterization; (2) durable and reliable well construction; and (3) acquisition of representative groundwater quality samples, groundwater levels, and hydraulic conductivity testing data from monitoring wells. The practices established herein are affected by governmental regulations and by site-specific geological, hydrogeological, climatological, topographical, and subsurface geochemical conditions. To meet these geoenvironmental challenges, this practice promotes the development of a conceptual hydrogeologic model prior to monitoring well design and installation.
Note 1: This practice presents a design for monitoring wells that will be effective in the majority of formations. This practice is in general accordance with other national and state guidance documents on well construction (ANSI/NGWA-01-14 (1)4 and California EPA (2)) however; national, state, or local design regulations may control design and installation.
4.2 A properly designed and installed groundwater monitoring well provides essential information on one or more of the following subjects:
4.2.1 Formation geologic and hydraulic properties;
4.2.2 Potentiometric surface of a particular hydrologic unit(s);
4.2.3 Water quality with respect to various indicator parameters; and
4.2.4 Water chemistry with respect to a contaminant release.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a methodology for designing and installing conventional (screened and filter-packed) groundwater monitoring wells suitable for formations ranging from unconsolidated aquifers (that is, sands and gravels) to granular materials having grain-size distributions with up to 50 % passing a #200 sieve and as much as 20 % clay-sized material (that is, silty fine sands with some clay). Formations finer than this (that is, silts, clays, silty clays, clayey silts) can be monitored but the well may not yield sufficient water required for sampling, and fine filter pack and screen requirements are difficult and costly to install. Use of coarser filter/screens in fine formations will result in wells with unstable filter packs and associated elevated sample turbidity that may adversely affect sample accuracy and data quality objectives. This practice is not applicable in fractured or karst rock conditions, but may be applicable for other porous rock formations.
1.2 The recommended monitoring well design and installation procedures presented in this practice are based on the assumption that the objectives of the program are to obtain representative groundwater samples and other representative groundwater data from a targeted zone of interest in the subsurface defined by site characterization.
1.3 This practice when used on coarse grained sand and gravel aquifers, in combination with proper well development (D5521), proper groundwater sampling procedures (D4448), and proper well maintenance and rehabilitation (D5978), will permit acquisition of groundwater samples free of artifactual turbidity, eliminate siltation of wells between sampling events, and permit acquisition of accurate groundwater levels and hydraulic conductivity test data from the zone screened by the well. For wells installed in fine-grained formation materials, it is generally necessary to use much finer pre-packed well screens (6.3.3.2) a...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5092/D5092M − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5092/D5092M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* passive sampling devices (D7929) are two means to minimize
the potential sample bias associated with turbidity.
1.1 Thispracticedescribesamethodologyfordesigningand
1.4 This practice applies primarily to well design and
installing conventional (screened and filter-packed) groundwa-
ter monitoring wells suitable for formations ranging from installation methods used in drilled boreholes. Other standards,
including Guide D6724 and Practice D6725, cover installation
unconsolidated aquifers (that is, sands and gravels) to granular
materials having grain-size distributions with up to 50 % of monitoring wells using direct-push methods.
passing a #200 sieve and as much as 20 % clay-sized material
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or
(that is, silty fine sands with some clay). Formations finer than
SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as
this (that is, silts, clays, silty clays, clayey silts) can be
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
monitored but the well may not yield sufficient water required
equivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependently
for sampling, and fine filter pack and screen requirements are
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
difficult and costly to install. Use of coarser filter/screens in
resultinnon-conformancewiththestandard.Equivalentvalues
fine formations will result in wells with unstable filter packs
given in parentheses are shown for mix designs and sieves
and associated elevated sample turbidity that may adversely
sizes.
affect sample accuracy and data quality objectives. This
1.5.1 Sieve Designations (Specification E11) are identified
practice is not applicable in fractured or karst rock conditions,
using the “alternate” system, for example, #40, #200 sieve etc.
but may be applicable for other porous rock formations.
with nominal opening size in inches and particle sizes in mm.
See Specification E11 for standard metric sieve sizes.
1.2 The recommended monitoring well design and installa-
1.5.2 Well screen slots are expressed in inches and the
tion procedures presented in this practice are based on the
metric equivalent is given in the terminology section and when
assumption that the objectives of the program are to obtain
necessary in the standard (see 3.3.6).
representative groundwater samples and other representative
groundwater data from a targeted zone of interest in the
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
subsurface defined by site characterization.
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.3 This practice when used on coarse grained sand and
gravel aquifers, in combination with proper well development
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(D5521), proper groundwater sampling procedures (D4448),
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and proper well maintenance and rehabilitation (D5978), will
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
permit acquisition of groundwater samples free of artifactual
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
turbidity, eliminate siltation of wells between sampling events,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and permit acquisition of accurate groundwater levels and
1.8 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
hydraulic conductivity test data from the zone screened by the
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
well. For wells installed in fine-grained formation materials, it
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
is generally necessary to use much finer pre-packed well
with professional judgment. Nat all aspects of this practice may
screens (6.3.3.2) and/or employ sampling methods that mini- be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
mize screen intake flow velocity, and disturbance of the well
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
column including suspension of settled solids in the well. the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
Using low-flow purging and sampling techniques (
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5092 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) D5092/D5092M − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5092;D5092/D5092M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The units statement in 1.5 was revised editorially in August 2010.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice describes a methodology for designing and installing conventional (screened and filter-packed) groundwater
monitoring wells suitable for formations ranging from unconsolidated aquifers (i.e., (that is, sands and gravels) to granular
materials having grain-size distributions with up to 50 % passing a #200 sieve and as much as 20 % clay-sized material (i.e., (that
is, silty fine sands with some clay). Formations finer than this (i.e., (that is, silts, clays, silty clays, clayey silts) should not be
monitored using conventional monitoring wells, as representative groundwater samples, free of artifactual turbidity, cannot be
assured using currently available technology. Alternative monitoring technologies (not described in this practice) should be used
in these formationscan be monitored but the well may not yield sufficient water required for sampling, and fine filter pack and
screen requirements are difficult and costly to install. Use of coarser filter/screens in fine formations will result in wells with
unstable filter packs and associated elevated sample turbidity that may adversely affect sample accuracy and data quality
objectives. This practice is not applicable in fractured or karst rock conditions, but may be applicable for other porous rock
formations.
1.2 The recommended monitoring well design and installation procedures presented in this practice are based on the assumption
that the objectives of the program are to obtain representative groundwater samples and other representative groundwater data from
a targeted zone of interest in the subsurface defined by site characterization.
1.3 This practice, practice when used on coarse grained sand and gravel aquifers, in combination with proper well development
(D5521), proper groundwater sampling procedures (D4448), and proper well maintenance and rehabilitation (D5978), will permit
acquisition of groundwater samples free of artifactual turbidity, eliminate siltation of wells between sampling events, and permit
acquisition of accurate groundwater levels and hydraulic conductivity test data from the zone screened by the well. For wells
installed in fine-grained formation materials (up to 50 % passing a #200 sieve), it is generally necessarymaterials, it is generally
necessary to use much finer pre-packed well screens (6.3.3.2 to use ) and/or employ sampling methods that minimize screen intake
flow velocity, and disturbance of the well column including suspension of settled solids in the well. Using low-flow purging and
sampling techniques (D6771) in combination with proper wellor passive sampling devices (D7929 design to collect turbidity-free
samples. ) are two means to minimize the potential sample bias associated with turbidity.
1.4 This practice applies primarily to well design and installation methods used in drilled boreholes. Other Standards,standards,
including Guide D6724 and Practice D6725, cover installation of monitoring wells using direct-push methods.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded as standard, except
as noted below. The values separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard. Equivalent values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.shown for mix designs and sieves sizes.
1.5.1 Sieve Designations (Specification E11) are identified using the “alternate” system, for example, #40, #200 sieve etc. with
nominal opening size in inches and particle sizes in mm. See Specification E11 for standard metric sieve sizes.
1.5.2 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit o
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