ASTM D440-86(1994)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal
Standard Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal
SCOPE
1.1 This test method of drop shatter test covers the determination of the relative size stability and its complement, the friability, of sized coal. It affords a means of indicating the ability of coal to withstand breakage when subjected to handling at the mine and during transit to the consumer. The test method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals in respect to size stability and friability rather than for determining values within narrow limits in order to emphasize their dissimilarity. This test method is considered applicable for testing a selected single size of different coals, for testing different single sizes of the same coal, and for mixed sizes of the same or different coals. Note 1-By single sizes is meant those with fixed upper and lower sieve opening limits, selected from those designated in 4.2; and by mixed sizes is meant either "slack" or a mixture of two or more single sizes.
1.2 This test method appears best suited for measuring the relative resistance to breakage of the larger sizes of coal when handled in thin layers such as from loader to mine car, from loading boom to railroad car, from shovel to chute, etc. While it may not be so well adapted for measuring the liability to breakage of coal when handled in mass, as in unloading open-bottom cars, emptying bins, etc., it is believed that the test method will serve also to indicate the relative size stability of composite sizes of coal where, in commercial handling, the smaller sized pieces have a cushioning effect which tends to lessen the breakage of the larger pieces of coal.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
ASTM D440 86 0759530 0553788 360 W
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
(1)) Designation: D 440 - 86 (Reapproved 1994)‘’
1916 RaceSt Phladelphia, Pa 19103
Reprmted from the Annual Book 01 ASTM Standards Copyright ASTM
I1 not llsted In the current combmed Index, will appear In the nexl ednion
Standard Test Method of
Drop Shatter Test for Coal’
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 440; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (t) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
(I NOTE-section IO was added editorially in November 1994.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1. Scope
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method of drop shatter test2 covers the
determination of the relative size stability and its comple-
2. Referenced Documents
ment, the friability, of sized coal. It affords a means of
indicating the ability of coal to withstand breakage when
2.1 ASTM Standards:
subjected to handling at the mine and during transit to the D 4 10 Method for Sieve Analysis of Coal3
consumer. The test method is serviceable for ascertaining the D 3038 Test Method for Drop Shatter Test for Coke4
similarity of coals in respect to size stability and friability E 1 I Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing
rather than for determining values within narrow limits in
PurposesS
order to emphasize their dissimilarity. This test method is E 323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing
considered applicable for testing a selected single size of
Purposess
different coals, for testing different single sizes of the same
3. Significance and Use
coal, and for mixed sizes of the same or different coals.
3.1 The values determined in this test method, when
NOTE 1-By single sizes is meant those with fixed upper and lower
evaluated in terms of pertinent experience with other coals,
sieve opening limits, selected from those designated in 4.2; and by mixed
may be used as indications of the extent to which coal will
sizes is meant either “slack” or a mixture of two or more single sizes.
break in conventional transit and handling beyond the point
1.2 This test method appears best suited for measuring the
of sampling.
relative resistance to breakage of the larger sizes of coal when
handled in thin layers such as from loader to mine car, from 4. Apparatus
loading boom to railroad car, from shovel to chute, etc.
4.1 Shatter Test Machine, which is the same as that
While it may not be so well adapted for measuring the
described and illustrated in Test Method D 3038, shall
liability to breakage of coal when handled in mass, as in
consist of a box 18 in. (457 mm) in width, 28 in. (71 1 mm)
unloading open-bottom cars, emptying bins, etc., it is
in length, and approximately 15 in. (38 I mm) in depth,
believed that the test method will serve also to indicate the
supported above a rigidly mounted cast iron or steel plate
relative size stability of composite sizes of coal where, in
not less than Y2 in. (12.7 mm) in thickness, 38 in. (965 mm)
commercial handling, the smaller sized pieces have a cush-
in width, and 48 in. (12 19 mm) in length. The inside of the
ioning effect which tends to lessen the breakage of the larger
bottom of the box shall be 6 ft (1.83 m) above the plate. The
pieces of coal.
bottom of the box shall consist of two doors hinged
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be re-
lengthwise and latched so that they will swing open freely
garded as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric
and not impede the fall of the coal. Boards about 8 in. (200
values.
mm) in height should be placed around the plate so that no
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
coal is lost. To prevent the breakage of coal, which may
safity concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
occur while placing the sample into the box, the box shall be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
constructed so that it can be lowered to a convenient level;
this is best done by means of a pulley and counterweight. A
convenient form of shatter test machine is shown in Fig. 1.
’ This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-5 on Coal
4.2 Sieves-Round-hole sieves selected from the fol-
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee W5.07 on Physical
lowing sizes, 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1 Y2, I, V4, ‘12, Y4, and l/s in., shall be
Characterization and Beneiiciation of Coal and Coal Slumes.
Current edition approved Sept. 26, 1986. Published November 1986. Originally
used. These sieves shall conform to Specification E 11 or
published as D 440 - 37 T. Last previous edition D 440 - 49 (1980).
Specification E 323. Frames for the sieves may be of either
For information concerning the development and utilization of this drop
hardwood or metal, and may be square, rectangular, or
shatter test method for coal the following references may be consulted:
Smith, C. M., “An Investigation of the Friability of Different Coals,” University
circular. A nest comprising all the sieves in the series, with
of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station, Bullelln No. 196 UlBBA (1929); “The
2-ft (610-mm) square plates, that is, of 4-ft2 (0.37-m2) area, is
Friability of Illinois Coals,” University of Illinois. Engineering Experiment Station,
Bulletin No. 218 UlBBA (1930).
Yancey, H. F., and %ne, R. E., “Comparison of Methods for Determining the
Friability of Coal,” U.S. Bureau of Mines, Reporl of lnvesrigalions 3215 (1933). Discontinued; see 1988 Annual Book ofASTM Standards, Vol05.05.
Gilmore, R. E., Nicolls, J. H. H., and Connell, G. P., “Coal Friability Tests,”
Annual Book of ASTM Sfandards, Vol 05.05.
Canadian Department of Mines, Mines Branch, No. 762 (1935). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
ASTM D440 8b 0759530 0553789 2T7 m
,6''(152mm) Diom.
Pulley,
I
/B"WireRope
(3mm)
2-Angle
5 o) 3"x3"xI/4"
g .c (76x76x6mm)
m
Counterweight,
/
E leva tion End Elevation
FIG. 1 Shatter Test Machine
recommended, although plates with areas of 6 to 9 ft2 (0.56 as a record of the handling and storage of the coal.
to 0.84 m2), are suitable.
5.2 Preparation of Laboratory Sample:
5.2.1 Using the sieves designated in 4.2, make a prelimi-
nary sieving of a representative portion or all of the gross
5. Samples
sample and retain the sieved sizes separately. Sieve successive
5.1 Collection of Gross Sample-Collect the gross sample
representative portions of the gross sample to obtain at least
in accordance with Sections 5 thru 7 of Method D 410. In
200 lb (90 kg) of the single size selected for test. While the
order that the entire quantity of the coal sampled will be
size or sizes to be selected for test are optional in this
represented proportionately in the gross sample, collect
method, one or more of the sizes larger than 2 to 3 in. (50 to
increments regularly and systematically. When testing coal
75 mm) are suggested with preference for the 4 to 6-in. (100
as mined, take the sample at the mine before it is subjected
to 150-mm) size (Note 2). In cases where difficulty is
to screening and to loading into cars at the tipple. When
experienced in sieving this quantity, the amount obtained by
testing coals subsequent to mining, the sample may be taken
the preliminary sieving may be augmented from larger pieces
at any stage in the transportation from the mine to the place
by dropping them in the shatter test apparatus. This proce-
at which it is to be used. For the correct interpretation of the
dure for obtaining from larger pieces an adequate quantity of
shatter test results, note the elapsed time since mining as well
ASTM D440 8b m 0759530 0553790 TI9 m
TABLE 1 General Form for Reporting Data and Calculations
of Weight Percentage and of Avg.
Product
I Round-Hole Sieves, in. (rnm) Weight, % Average of Sieve
Sieve Openmgs
Openings, in.
Retained on
8 (. . .)
6 (. . .) 8 (.
...
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