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ASTM D473-81(1995)e2

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method

Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in crude oils and fuel oils by extraction with toluene.  Note 1-Precision on recycled oils and crank case oils is unknown and additional testing is required to determine that precision.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.1 and 7.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1994
ICS
75.020 - Extraction and processing of petroleum and natural gas
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.02 - Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API)
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D473-02 - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM D473-81(1995)e2 - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction MethodASTM D473-81(1995)e2 - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
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ASTM D473-81(1995)e2 - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
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Standards Content (Sample)


e2
Designation: D 473 – 81 (Reapproved 1995) An American Standard
British Standard 4382
Designation: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 10-1 (MPMS)
Designation: 53/82
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Section 12 was added editorially in September 1995.
e2
Note—Editorial corrections were made throughout in November 1996.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment 3.1 A test portion of a representative oil sample, contained
in crude oils and fuel oils by extraction with toluene. in a refractory thimble, is extracted with hot toluene until the
residue reaches constant mass. The mass of residue, calculated
NOTE 1—Precision on recycled oils and crank case oils is unknown and
as a percentage, is reported as “sediment by extraction.”
additional testing is required to determine that precision.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 A knowledge of the sediment content of crude oil and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fuel oils is important both to the operation of refining and the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
buying or selling of the oil.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precautionary statements, see 6.1 and 7.1.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Extraction Apparatus (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) consisting
2. Referenced Documents
of the parts described in 5.1.1-5.1.6.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1.1 Extraction Flask—A wide-neck Erlenmeyer flask of
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1-L capacity.
Petroleum Products
5.1.2 Condenser—A condenser in the form of a metal coil
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
approximately 25 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length
Petroleum Products
attached to, and with the ends projecting through a lid of
2.2 API Standard:
sufficient diameter to cover the neck of the flask is shown in
MPMS8, “Sampling Petroleum and Petroleum Products”
Fig. 1. The coil should be made from stainless steel, tin,
2.3 ISO Standards:
tin-plated copper, or tin-plated brass tubing having an outside
4793 Laboratory Apparatus—Filters—Porosity Grading
diameter of 5 to 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm. If
5272 Toluene—Specifications
constructed of tin-plated copper or brass, the tin coating shall
have a minimum thickness of 0.075 mm. The exposed surface
of the coil for cooling purposes is about 115 cm .
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on 5.1.3 Extraction Thimble—The extraction thimble should
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
be of a refractory porous material, pore size index P16, 25 mm
D02.02on Static Petroleum Measurement.
in diameter by 70 mm in height, weighing not less than 15 g
Current edition approved March 27, 1981. Published May 1981. Originally
and not more than 17 g. The thimble shall be suspended from
published as D 473 – 38T. Last previous edition D 473 – 69 (1979).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
the condenser coil by means of a basket so that it hangs
Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St., N.W., Washing-
approximately midway between the surface of the extracting
ton, D.C. 20005.
solvent and the bottom of the condenser coil.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. 5.1.4 Thimble Basket—The thimble basket shall be
D 473
8.2 Before using a new thimble, rub the outside surface with
fine sandpaper and remove all loosened material with a stiff
brush. Give the thimble a preliminary extraction with the
toluene, allowing the solvent to drip from the thimble for at
least 1 h. Then dry the thimble for1hata temperature of 115
to 120°C; cool in a desiccator, without desiccant, for 1 h, and
weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Repeat this extraction until the
masses of the thimble after two successive extractions do not
differ by more than 0.2 mg.
8.3 Place an estimated 10-g test portion of the sample in the
thimble immediately after the sample has been mixed as
described in Practice D 4057 and Method D 4177. Do not
NOTE 1—Apparatus B shows the water cup in position.
attempt to adjust this estimated 10-g portion to any exact
FIG. 1 Extraction Apparatus for Determination of Sediment
predetermined amount. Weigh to the nearest 0.01 g. Place the
thimble in the extraction apparatus, and extract with the hot
corrosion-resistant; shall be made of platinum, stainless steel,
toluene for 30 min after the solvent dropping from the thimble
nickel-chromium alloy, or similar material; and shall meet the
is colorless. Ensure that the rate of extraction is such that the
requirements of Fig. 2.
surface of the mixture of oil and toluene in the thimble does not
5.1.5 Water Cup—A water cup shall be used when testing a
rise higher than to within 20 mm of the top.
sample having a high-water content (see Fig. 1B). The cup
8.4 When testing samples having a high water content, use
shall be made of glass, shall be conical in shape, shall be
the assembly shown in Fig. 1B. In this procedure, any water in
approximately 20 mm in diameter and 25 mm deep, and shall
the test portion is removed as its toluene azeotrope and is
have a capacity of
...

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ASTM
ASTM D8165-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off