ASTM D3837-95(2019)

Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble Resins

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is suitable for all types of akalali-soluble resins. The resin manufacturer shall specify the percent ammonium hydroxide to be used (based on the equivalent weight of resin) and the maximum temperature to be used to achieve solution.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a procedure for preparing solutions of alkali-soluble resins in aqueous ammonia and determining the characteristics of such solutions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2019
• ICS: 83.080.10 - Thermosetting materials
• Technical Committee: D21 - Polishes
• Drafting Committee: D21.02 - Raw Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3837-95(2012) - Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble Resins
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM E70-24 - Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM E70-07(2015) - Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM D1544-04(2010) - Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2010
• Refers: ASTM D2834-95(2008) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Refers: ASTM D1544-04 - Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Refers: ASTM D1544-98 - Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-1998
• Refers: ASTM D2834-95 - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
• Effective Date: 15-May-1995
• Refers: ASTM D2834-95(2002) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
• Effective Date: 15-May-1995

Overview

ASTM D3837-95(2019), Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble Resins, is an internationally recognized ASTM standard providing a consistent procedure for preparing solutions of alkali-soluble resins in aqueous ammonia and determining the characteristics of such solutions. Suitable for all types of alkali-soluble resins, this practice defines essential steps for preparation, calculation of components, and considerations around safety and material handling. The standard is widely applied in industries requiring controlled resin solutions for formulation, quality control, and research purposes.

Key Topics

• Scope of Use

  • The practice is intended for all alkali-soluble resins.
  • Resin manufacturers specify the percentage of ammonium hydroxide needed and the maximum temperature for effective dissolution.

• Procedural Steps

  • Preparation involves dissolving alkali-soluble resins in water using ammonium hydroxide, with controlled agitation, temperature, and order of addition.
  • Special equipment - such as heat-resistant reaction vessels, laboratory thermometers, reflux condensers, and non-reactive stirrers - is required.
  • Strict adherence to specified safety and environmental protocols is vital.

• Measurement and Reporting

  • The procedure includes steps for calculating solution weight, resin, ammonium hydroxide, and water amounts.
  • Users are required to report:
    • Percent solids in the solution
    • Total ammonium hydroxide used
    • Maximum temperature achieved
    • Observations regarding undissolved material or haziness
    • Total elapsed time for dissolution
    • Final pH of the solution

Applications

This standard practice is essential in industries and laboratory environments where consistent and reliable preparation of alkali-soluble resin solutions is necessary, including:

• Industrial Coatings and Polishes

  • Used for the production and testing of floor polishes, polymer-emulsion polishes, and solvent-based formulations.
  • Ensures batch-to-batch consistency and quality compliance.

• Quality Control and R&D

  • Provides a reproducible method for resin solution preparation during product development and research.
  • Facilitates the determination of important characteristics such as resin solubility, color, viscosity, and pH.

• Raw Material Assessment

  • Standardizes the process for evaluating resins received in various forms (ground, flaked, or lump).
  • Supports manufacturers and end users in assessing raw material quality before further processing or formulation.

Related Standards

• ASTM D1544 - Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale): Used for determining the color of resin solutions.
• ASTM D2834 - Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes: Cited for measuring percent solids in solutions.
• ASTM E70 - Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions: Utilized for measuring the final pH of prepared resin solutions.

ASTM D3837-95(2019) ensures effective and repeatable preparation of alkali-soluble resin solutions, supporting quality and performance in various resin-based applications. By adhering to this standard, organizations align with internationally recognized best practices and compliance requirements, facilitating trade, manufacturing, and research activities worldwide.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3837 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice is a procedure for preparing solutions of 4.1 This practice is suitable for all types of akalali-soluble
alkali-soluble resins in aqueous ammonia and determining the resins. The resin manufacturer shall specify the percent am-
characteristics of such solutions. monium hydroxide to be used (based on the equivalent weight
of resin) and the maximum temperature to be used to achieve
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
solution.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
5. Reagents and Materials
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Reaction Vessel—A three-neck, round-bottom 1000-mL
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
flask of heat-resistant glass.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Thermometer, laboratory grade, partial immersion ther-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mometer. Range: from 0 to 230°F, 2° divisions; or from−20 to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
110°C, 1° divisions.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.3 Reflux Condenser.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.4 Stirrer—A motor-driven, variable-speed agitator. The
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
shaft and blade shall be of nonreactive material.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 5.5 Heat Source—Electric heating mantle or gas burner.
5.6 Ammonium Hydroxide, reagent grade, 28 to 30% NH
2. Referenced Documents
(26° Baumé). This solution shall be refrigerated while in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
storage.
D1544TestMethodforColorofTransparentLiquids(Gard-
5.7 Distilled Water, or water of equal purity.
ner Color Scale)
D2834Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in
6. Preparation of Sample
Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor
6.1 Resinreceivedingroundorflakedformshallbeusedas
Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
received. Select a sample representative of the material under
E70Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
test.
Glass Electrode
6.2 Resin received in lump form shall be crushed or ground
3. Summary of Practice
and passed through a 10-mesh screen before testing. Select a
sample representative of the material under test.
3.1 Alkali-soluble resins are dissolved in water by chemi-
cally reacting available carboxylic acid sites on the resin
7. Procedure
molecule with a base to form water-soluble carboxylate salts.
In this practice, the base used is ammonium hydroxide. 7.1 Insert the reflux condenser into one of the sidearms of
the flask and support the assembly suitably. Insert the agitator
throughthecenterneckandchargetheflaskwiththecalculated
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes
amount of ammonium hydroxide and water. Using moderate
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.02 on Raw Materials.
agitation, slowly add the resin to the contents of the flask.
Currente
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