ASTM D1795-13(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Intrinsic Viscosity of Cellulose
Standard Test Method for Intrinsic Viscosity of Cellulose
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test is a sensitive measure of the degradation of cellulose resulting from the action of heat, light, acids, alkalies, oxidizing and reducing agents, and the like, used in its processing or purification. The intrinsic viscosity value may be converted to degree of polymerization (DP) or to intrinsic fluidity, if desired.
4.2 Solutions of cellulose are not Newtonian liquids; that is, their viscosity depends upon the rate-of-shear or velocity gradient during measurement. This effect is smaller for samples of low molecular mass (DP) and at low concentrations than for high-DP samples and at high concentrations. For the celluloses and concentrations included within the limits set forth in this test method, the effect of rate-of-shear is assumed to be negligible for referee purposes. For other conditions and for research purposes this assumption may be invalid, but to discuss ways of accounting for this effect is beyond the scope of the present test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the intrinsic viscosity of purified celluloses such as bleached wood pulps, cotton linters, and regenerated cellulose. It is applicable to all cellulose samples with an intrinsic viscosity of 15 dL/g or less. Most native (unpurified) celluloses have intrinsic viscosity values too high for measurement by this test method.
Note 1: The use of cuprammonium hydroxide solution for regular viscosity determination is described in Method T 206 m-55 of the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry on “Cuprammonium Disperse Viscosity of Pulp,” and Joint Army-Navy Specifications JAN-C-206.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1795 − 13 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
1
Intrinsic Viscosity of Cellulose
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1795; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E2251Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the intrin-
sic viscosity of purified celluloses such as bleached wood
3. Summary of Test Method
pulps, cotton linters, and regenerated cellulose. It is applicable
3.1 Aweighedsampleofthematerialisdissolvedina0.5M
toallcellulosesampleswithanintrinsicviscosityof15dL/gor
cupriethylenediamine hydroxide solution.The viscosity of this
less. Most native (unpurified) celluloses have intrinsic viscos-
solution, and also that of the solvent, is determined at 25°C by
ity values too high for measurement by this test method.
means of a calibrated glass capillary-type viscometer. The
NOTE 1—The use of cuprammonium hydroxide solution for regular
relative viscosity is calculated and the corresponding intrinsic
viscosity determination is described in Method T206 m-55 of the
viscosity is read from a table.
Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry on “Cuprammonium
Disperse Viscosity of Pulp,” and Joint Army-Navy Specifications JAN-
C-206. 4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 This test is a sensitive measure of the degradation of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
celluloseresultingfromtheactionofheat,light,acids,alkalies,
standard. oxidizing and reducing agents, and the like, used in its
processingorpurification.Theintrinsicviscosityvaluemaybe
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
converted to degree of polymerization (DP) or to intrinsic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fluidity, if desired.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.2 SolutionsofcellulosearenotNewtonianliquids;thatis,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
their viscosity depends upon the rate-of-shear or velocity
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
gradientduringmeasurement.Thiseffectissmallerforsamples
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
oflowmolecularmass(DP)andatlowconcentrationsthanfor
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
high-DPsamplesandathighconcentrations.Forthecelluloses
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and concentrations included within the limits set forth in this
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
test method, the effect of rate-of-shear is assumed to be
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
negligible for referee purposes. For other conditions and for
research purposes this assumption may be invalid, but to
2. Referenced Documents
discuss ways of accounting for this effect is beyond the scope
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: of the present test method.
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
5. Apparatus
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
ity)
5.1 Viscometer, Glass, Capillary Type—The Cannon-
D629Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
Fenske, Ubbelohde, or similar capillary type instrument as
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
described in Test Method D445 is recommended. In order to
avoidcorrectionforthekineticenergyeffect,chooseaviscom-
eterwithasmallenoughcapillarytogiveanoutflowtimeof80
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
s or more for the Cannon-Fenske type. (Asize 100 viscometer
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
is normally used for the sample solution and a size 50 for the
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally
solvent.)
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1795–13. DOI:
10.1520/D1795-13R21.
5.2 Thermometer—ASTM Kinematic Viscosity Thermom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
eter for use at 25°C, having a range from 19 to 27°C and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
conforming to the requirement for Thermometer 17C as
Standards volume information, refer to
...
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