ASTM A34/A34M-96

Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes sampling procedures and test practices for determination of various magnetic properties of both soft and hard magnetic materials.  
1.2 This practice may be used either in conjunction with, or independent of, the standard test methods and materialsspecifications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06. In the former situation, the sampling and testingprocedures listed herein shall not supersede those found in the individual test methods and materials specifications. In the latter situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall strictly apply.  
1.3 The values stated in either customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this practice, the SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. the values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this practice.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-2001
• ICS: 29.030 - Magnetic materials
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.01 - Test Methods

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A34/A34M-01 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A904-20 - Standard Specification for 50 Nickel-50 Iron Powder Metallurgy Soft Magnetic Parts
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A889/A889M-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Low Magnetic Flux Density Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter-Varmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A677-16 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A348/A348M-05(2021) - Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method, 100 to 10 000 Hz and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A839-15(2023) - Standard Specification for Iron-Phosphorus Powder Metallurgy Parts for Soft Magnetic Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A838-18 - Standard Specification for Free-Machining Ferritic Stainless Soft Magnetic Alloy Bar for Relay Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A801-21 - Standard Specification for Wrought Iron-Cobalt High Magnetic Saturation Alloys (UNS R30005 and K92650)
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A342/A342M-21 - Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Weakly Magnetic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A848-17 - Standard Specification for Low-Carbon Magnetic Iron
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A811-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Soft Magnetic Iron Parts Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Techniques
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A912/A912M-11(2019) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method with Toroidal Specimens
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A598/A598M-02(2022) - Standard Test Method for Magnetic Properties of Magnetic Amplifier Cores
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A772/A772M-00(2022) - Standard Test Method for AC Magnetic Permeability of Materials Using Sinusoidal Current
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A932/A932M-01(2019) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method with Sheet Specimens
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 34/A34M – 96 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 34/A34M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope magnetic properties of various materials.
4.2 A method of calculating the density of iron-base elec-
1.1 This practice describes sampling procedures and test
trical steels is given and a table of assumed densities for
practices for determination of various magnetic properties of
magnetic testing of commercial soft magnetic alloys is pro-
both soft and hard magnetic materials.
vided.
1.2 This practice may be used either in conjunction with, or
independent of, the standard test methods and materials speci-
5. Test Lots
fications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A6. In the
5.1 Wrought Flat-rolled or Long Products:
former situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed
5.1.1 A test lot of wrought flat-rolled or long products shall
herein shall not supersede those found in the individual test
consist of not more than 50 000 lb [23 000 kg] of material.
methods and materials specifications. In the latter situation, the
5.1.2 A test lot may be composed of coils or cut lengths. A
sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall strictly
test lot of coil product may consist of one or more coils having
apply.
essentially the same treatment and composition.
1.3 The values stated in either customary (cgs-emu and
5.2 Amorphous Strip and Wire:
inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as
5.2.1 A test lot shall consist of a continuously cast strip or
standard. Within this practice, the SI units are shown in
wire in one coil without breaks. In practice this may represent
brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where
quantities up to 2200 lb [1000 kg].
there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The
5.3 Powder Metallurgically Produced Parts:
values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; there-
5.3.1 A test lot shall consist of parts of the same geometry
fore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
and dimensions, made from powder of the same composition,
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
molded and sintered under the same conditions, which have
formance with this practice.
been submitted for inspection at one time.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.4 Cast Parts:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.4.1 A test lot shall consist of parts of the same geometry
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and dimensions, made from the same casting heat, which have
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
been submitted for inspection at one time.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Sampling
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Electrical Steel Coils:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1.1 From test lots in coil form, consisting of only one
A 340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
master coil, prepare the test strips from test sheets cut from one
Magnetic Testing
or both ends of the coil.
3. Terminology 6.1.2 When a test lot in coil form consists of several coils
sheared or slit from a master coil, the test strips shall be
3.1 Definitions:
prepared from test sheets representing one or both ends of the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to magnetic testing,
master coil.
reference shall be made to Terminology A 340.
6.1.3 When a test lot in coil form consists of several coils
4. Significance and Use
having essentially the same treatment and composition, test
strips shall be prepared from test sheets cut from one or both
4.1 This practice defines test lots and describes the selection
ends of enough master coils to be representative of the lot.
and preparation of test specimens used in the determination of
6.2 Electrical Steel Cut Lengths:
6.2.1 When cut lengths are sheared from coil material
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-6 on Magnetic
without subsequent treatments (such as roller leveling or cold
Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.01on Test Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1996. Published February 1997. Originally
rolling), the test on the original coil shall suffice.
e1
published as A 34 – 11. Last previous edition A 34 – 83 (1988) .
6.2.2 Two or more test sheets shall be taken from the same
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.04.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 34/A34M
lot of cut length steel that has been cold rolled or leveled. These material has preferred properties in any one direction with
test sheets shall not lie adjacent to each other, but shall be respect to the direction of rolling, or, if the material is to be
selected in a manner to assure representative sampling. used with the flux in any one direction, all of the strips may be
6.3 Wrought Products Other Than Electrical Steels: cut in a specified direction which shall be agreed upon by the
6.3.1 Sampling shall be one sample per each heat applied to producer and the purchaser. All lengthwise strips may be
the order unless otherwise specified in the appropriate ASTM selected as shown in Fig. 1 (c).
specification or by mutual agreement between the producer and
7.1.1.4 When fewer than the total number of strips obtained
purchaser.
from the sampled area are needed for the test specimen, the
6.4 Amorphous Strip and Wire:
excess strips should be discarded equally from all locations in
6.4.1 Sampling shall consist of one sample from each end of
the sampled area. For instance, if approximately ⁄4 of the total
each continuously cast coil unless otherwise specified in the
strips obtained is excess, every fourth strip should be dis-
appropriate ASTM specification or by mutual agreement be-
carded.
tween the producer and purchaser.
7.1.1.5 The Epstein test specimen shall consist of strips
6.5 Powder Metallurgically Produced Parts:
sheared or punched in a width of 3.00 cm [30.0 mm] and not
6.5.1 Sampling shall consist of one sample per test lot
less than 28.0 cm [280 mm] long. If for ease of assembling the
unless otherwise specified in the appropriate ASTM specifica-
specimen in the test frame, it is desired to use strips slightly
tion or by mutual agreement between the producer and
longer than 28.0 cm [280 mm], a length of 30.5 cm [305 mm]
purchaser.
is recommended.
6.6 Cast Parts:
7.1.1.6 Test strips shall be nearly rectangular as possible and
6.6.1 Sampling shall consist of one sample per test lot
shall conform to the specified dimensions within plus or minus
unless otherwise specified in the appropriate ASTM specifica-
0.08 cm [0.8 mm].
tion or by mutual agreement between the producer and
7.1.1.7 Test strips shall be cut with sharp shears or dies to
purchaser.
avoid excessive burring or distortion.
7.1.1.8 Reports of test shall state specifically the manner in
7. Test Specimens
which the test strips were cut, if other than one half parallel and
7.1 The test specimens used for the determination of prop-
the
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