ASTM F2792-12
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies,
Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies<sup>,</sup>
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The definitions of the terms presented in this standard were created by this subcommittee. This standard does not purport to address safety concerns associated with the use of AM technologies. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use of additive manufacturing.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology includes terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and acronyms associated with additive-manufacturing (AM) technologies in an effort to standardize terminology used by AM users, producers, researchers, educators, press/media and others.
Note 1—The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a three-year basis to determine if the definition is still accurate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined to be necessary.
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Designation: F2792 – 12
Standard Terminology for
,
1 2
Additive Manufacturing Technologies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
1.1 This terminology includes terms, definitions of terms,
to use of additive manufacturing.
descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and acronyms associated
with additive-manufacturing (AM) technologies in an effort to
4. Additive Manufacturing Process Categories
standardize terminology used by AM users, producers, re-
4.1 The following terms provide a structure for grouping
searchers, educators, press/media and others.
current and future AM machine technologies. These terms are
NOTE 1—The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review
useful for educational and standards-development purposes
definitions on a three-year basis to determine if the definition is still
and are intended to clarify which machine types share process-
accurate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined to be
ing similarities. For many years, the additive manufacturing
necessary.
industry lacked categories for grouping AM technologies,
2. Referenced Documents which made it challenging educationally and when communi-
3
cating information in both technical and non-technical settings.
2.1 ISO Standard:
These process categories enable one to discuss a category of
ISO 10303 -1:1994 Industrial automation systems and inte-
machines, rather than needing to explain an extensive list of
gration--Productdatarepresentationandexchange--Part
commercial variations of a process methodology.
1: Overview and fundamental principles
binderjetting, n—an additive manufacturing process in which
3. Significance and Use
a liquid bonding agent is selectively deposited to join
3.1 The definitions of the terms presented in this standard
powder materials.
were created by this subcommittee. This standard does not
material extrusion, n—an additive manufacturing process in
purport to address safety concerns associated with the use of
which material is selectively dispensed through a nozzle or
AM technologies. It is the responsibility of the user of this
orifice.
material jetting, n—an additive manufacturing process in
1 which droplets of build material are selectively deposited.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee F42 on Additive
Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
DISCUSSION—Example materials include photopolymer and wax.
F42.91 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally
powder bed fusion, n—an additive manufacturing process in
´1
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2792–10 . DOI:
which thermal energy selectively fuses regions of a powder
10.1520/F2792-12.
2
Through a mutual agreement withASTM International (ASTM), the Society of bed.
Manufacturing Engineers (SME) contributed the technical expertise of its RTAM
sheet lamination, n—an additive manufacturing process in
Community members to ASTM to be used as the technical foundation for this
which sheets of material are bonded to form an object.
ASTM standard. SME and its membership continue to play an active role in
vat photopolymerization, n—an additive manufacturing pro-
providing technical guidance to the ASTM standards development process.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
cess in which a pre-deposited photopolymer in a vat is
la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
selectively cured by light-activated cross linking of adjoin-
www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/
ing polymer.
catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=20579
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2792 – 12
5. Terminology which thermal energy selectively fuses regions of a powder
bed.
5.1 Definitions:
prototype tooling, n—molds, dies, and other devices used to
3D printer, n—a machine used for 3D printing.
produce prototypes; sometimes referred to as bridge tooling
3D printing, n—the fabrication of objects through the depo-
or soft tooling.
sition of a material using a print head, nozzle, or another
rapid prototyping, n—additive manufacturing of a design,
printer technology.
often iterative, for form, fit, or functional testing, or combi-
DISCUSSION—Term often used syno
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:F2792–10 Designation: F2792 – 12
Standard Terminology for
,
1 2
Additive Manufacturing Technologies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—The discussion for the term “3-D printing” was corrected editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology includes terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and acronyms associated with
additive-manufacturing (AM) technologies in an effort to standardize terminology used by AM users, producers, researchers,
educators, press/media and others.
NOTE 1—The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a three-year basis to determine if the definition is still accurate as
stated. Revisions will be made when determined to be necessary.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ISO Standard:
ISO 10303 -1:1994 Industrial automation systems and integration -- Product data representation and exchange -- Part 1:
Overview and fundamental principles
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The definitions of the terms presented in this standard were created by this subcommittee. This standard does not purport
to address safety concerns associated with the use of AM technologies. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use of additive
manufacturing.
4. Additive Manufacturing Process Categories
4.1 The following terms provide a structure for grouping current and futureAM machine technologies. These terms are useful
for educational and standards-development purposes and are intended to clarify which machine types share processing similarities.
For many years, the additive manufacturing industry lacked categories for groupingAM technologies, which made it challenging
educationally and when communicating information in both technical and non-technical settings. These process categories enable
one to discuss a category of machines, rather than needing to explain an extensive list of commercial variations of a process
methodology.
binder jetting, n—an additive manufacturing process in which a liquid bonding agent is selectively deposited to join powder
materials.
material extrusion, n—an additive manufacturing process in which material is selectively dispensed through a nozzle or orifice.
material jetting, n—an additive manufacturing process in which droplets of build material are selectively deposited.
DISCUSSION—Example materials include photopolymer and wax.
powder bed fusion, n—an additive manufacturing process in which thermal energy selectively fuses regions of a powder bed.
sheet lamination, n—an additive manufacturing process in which sheets of material are bonded to form an object.
vat photopolymerization, n—an additive manufacturing process in which a pre-deposited photopolymer in a vat is selectively
cured by light-activated cross linking of adjoining polymer.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee F42 on Additive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F42.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved JuneFeb. 1, 2010.2012. Published July 2010.March 2012. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
´1
´1
F2792–09F2792–10 . DOI: 10.1520/F2792-10 . . DOI: 10.1520/F2792-12.
2
Through a mutual agreement with ASTM International (ASTM), the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) contributed the technical expertise of its RTAM
Community members toASTM to be used as the technical foundation for thisASTM standard. SME and its membership continue to play an active role in providing technical
guidance to the ASTM standards development process.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org/
iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=20579
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2792 – 12
5. Terminology
4.1
5.1 Definitions:
3D printer, n—a machine used for 3D printing.
3D printing, n—the fabrication of ob
...
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