ASTM D7220-22

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides measurement of total sulfur in automotive, No. 2 heating, and jet fuels with a minimum of sample preparation. A typical analysis time is 180 s to 360 s per sample.  
5.2 The quality of automotive, No. 2 heating, and jet fuel can be related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of sulfur concentration is necessary for processing purposes. There are also regulations promulgated in federal, state, and local agencies that restrict the amount of sulfur present in some fuel.  
5.3 If this test method is applied to petroleum materials with matrices significantly different from the calibration materials specified in this test method, the cautions and recommendations in Section 6 should be observed when interpreting the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method for the determination of total sulfur in automotive, No. 2 heating, and jet fuels with a concentration range of 3 mg/kg to 942 mg/kg.  
1.1.1 The pooled limit of quantitation of this test method as obtained by statistical analysis of inter laboratory test results is 3 mg/kg sulfur.  
1.1.2 This test method is applicable to gasoline, oxygen enriched gasoline (RFG), diesel, diesel/biodiesel blends containing up to twenty volume percent biodiesel, kerosene, jet fuel, jet fuel/biodiesel blends containing up to five volume percent biodiesel and No. 2 home heating oil.  
1.2 A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the standard and sample matrix is well matched. Matrix mismatch can be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards or by the presence of other heteroatoms.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 The preferred concentration units are mg/kg sulfur.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2022
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.03 - Elemental Analysis

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7220 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by
Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7220; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method specifies an energy-dispersive X-ray
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
fluorescence (EDXRF) method for the determination of total
Petroleum Products
sulfur in automotive, No. 2 heating, and jet fuels with a
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
concentration range of 3 mg⁄kg to 942 mg⁄kg.
Petroleum Products
1.1.1 The pooled limit of quantitation of this test method as
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
obtained by statistical analysis of inter laboratory test results is
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
3 mg⁄kg sulfur.
Measurement System Performance
1.1.2 This test method is applicable to gasoline, oxygen
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
enriched gasoline (RFG), diesel, diesel/biodiesel blends con-
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
taining up to twenty volume percent biodiesel, kerosene, jet
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
fuel, jet fuel/biodiesel blends containing up to five volume
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
percent biodiesel and No. 2 home heating oil.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.2 Afundamental assumption in this test method is that the
standard and sample matrix is well matched. Matrix mismatch
3. Terminology
can be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and
3.1 Definitions:
standards or by the presence of other heteroatoms.
3.1.1 monochromatic X-radiation, n—an incident X-ray
beam on a sample having a selected photon energy with a
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this narrow energy bandwidth of 65 % relative to the selected
energy.
standard.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Monochromatic X-ray radiation in
1.3.1 The preferred concentration units are mg/kg sulfur.
EDXRFinstrumentationcanbeobtainedbyusingBraggoptics
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(at an angle ofè=45 6 5°, in the low energy range). Bragg
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
optics (monochromators) create very intense mono-energetic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
radiation. A combination of a selected X-ray tube (typically a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Pd or Ag anode) with a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(HOPG) Bragg optic can be used to create monochromatic
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
radiation of the characteristic radiation of the anode material of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the X-ray tube. The use of such radiation for sample excitation
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
resultsinincreasedsensitivityforthedeterminationofsulfurin
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
petroleum products.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2 Abbreviations:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.1 DBS—actual mass of Di-n-butyl sulfide, g
3.2.2 Kcps—kilo-counts per second.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7220 – 12 (2017). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7220-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7220 − 22
3.2.3 EDXRF—Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry 6.3 In general, petroleum materials with
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7220 − 12 (Reapproved 2017) D7220 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by
Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7220; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method specifies an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method for the determination of total sulfur in
automotive, No. 2 heating, and jet fuels with a concentration range of 3 mg ⁄kg to 942 mg ⁄kg.
1.1.1 The pooled limit of quantitation of this test method as obtained by statistical analysis of inter laboratory test results is
3 mg ⁄kg sulfur.
1.1.2 This test method is applicable to gasoline, oxygen enriched gasoline (RFG), diesel, diesel/biodiesel blends containing up to
twenty volume percent biodiesel, kerosene, jet fuel, jet fuel/biodiesel blends containing up to five volume percent biodiesel and
No. 2 home heating oil.
1.2 A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the standard and sample matrix is well matched. Matrix mismatch can
be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards or by the presence of other heteroatoms.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 The preferred concentration units are mg/kg sulfur.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017Nov. 1, 2022. Published July 2017November 2022. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
D7220 – 12.D7220 – 12 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D7220-12R17.10.1520/D7220-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7220 − 22
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
Lubricants
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 monochromatic X-radiation, n—an incident X-ray beam on a sample having a selected photon energy with a narrow energy
bandwidth of 65 % relative to the selected energy.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Monochromatic X-ray radiation in EDXRF instrumentation can be obtained by using Bragg optics (at an angle of è = 45 6 5°,
in the low energy range). Bragg optics (monochromators) create very intense mono-energetic radiation. A combination of a selected
X-ray tube (typically a Pd or Ag anode) with a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) Bragg optic can be used to create
monochromatic radiation of the characteristic radiation of the anode material of the X-ray tube. The use of such radiation for
sample excitation results in increased sensitivity for t
...