ASTM D5890-95

Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in reagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP) test method for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve. The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5°C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-2001
• ICS: 17.120.01 - Measurement of fluid flow in general
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D6495/D6495M-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6141-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Screening Clay Portion and Index Flux of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) for Chemical Compatibility to Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5889/D5889M-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5890 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic
Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in method, refer to USP Standards and ASTM definitions for GCL
reagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeability products.
or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners
4. Significance and Use
(GCL).
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP) 4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCL
systems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial,
test method for bentonite.
waste, or ground water through the liner.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant
weight at 105 6 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground 4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and effect the
hydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite. This test method
to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a
minimum of 65 % passing a 200-mesh U.S. Standard Sieve. evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to
performance.
The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is
used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 6 5°C.
5. Apparatus
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill, for
standard.
grinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 U.S. Standard Sieve, 100 mesh, 200 mesh, and auto-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mated sieve shaker.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.3 Drying Oven, thermostatically controlled, preferably
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
forced draft type, meeting requirements of Specification E 145
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
and capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 105 6
tionary statements are given in 7.
5°C throughout the drying chamber.
2. Referenced Documents
5.4 Desiccator, of suitable size containing indicator silica
2.1 ASTM Standards: gel. It is preferable to use desiccant which changes color to
indicate when it needs reconstitution.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E 1 Specification for Thermometers 5.5 Laboratory Balance, 100 g capacity, 60.01-g accuracy
and precision.
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
5.6 Weighing Paper, or small weighing dish.
poses
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced 5.7 Glass Cylinder, graduated TC (to contain), Class A
volumetrically calibrated, with 1-mL subdivisions and ground
Ventilation Ovens
E 725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and glass stopper, high form with approximately 180-mm height
from inside base to 100-mL mark.
Granular Pesticides
2.2 United States Pharmacopeia Standard: 5.8 Wash Bottle, for dispensing reagent water.
5.9 Spatula, flat-blade, to dispense clay mineral powder into
USP-NF-XVII Bentonite
cylinder; vibrating spatula should not be used since the
delivery quantity may not be adequately controlled.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on
5.10 Mechanical Ten-Minute Timer.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
thetic Clay Liners. 5.11 ASTM Calibration Immersion Thermometer,0to105
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published February 1996.
6 0.5°C (E1).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
6. Reagents
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.05.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Unless otherwise indicated, refer-
Available from United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., 12601 Twin-
ences to water shall be understood to mean reagent water
brook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5890
conforming to Specification D 1193, Type I, II, or III. Such of the slurry to 60.5°C.
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