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ASTM D3108-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material

Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the kinetic frictional properties of a moving yarn in contact with a solid material. For determining yarn-to-yarn friction, refer to Test Method D 3412.
1.2 This test method specifies a relative speed of 100 m/min. The test method may be used at other speeds, although with a possible change in precision and coefficient of friction.
1.3 This test method covers the measurement of the coefficient of kinetic friction between yarn and solid surface or surfaces of constant radius in the contact area. If a yarn of uniform value is used, comparisons of frictional properties of different solid materials can be made with relation to that yarn. If a given solid material is used, comparisons of frictional properties of different yarns, or yarns with different finishes, can be made with relation to that particular solid material.
1.4 This test method specifically recommends wrap angles of 3.14 and 6.28 radian (180 and 360), but other wrap angles may be used, again with a possible change in precision and level. The angle of wrap should not be so great, especially for yarns having high coefficients of friction, that it causes the output tension to exceed the yield value for the yarn being tested. Also, in every case the angle of wrap should not be less than 1.57 rad (90).
1.5 This test method has been applied to yarns having linear densities ranging between 10 and 80 tex (90 and 720 denier) and having coefficients of friction ranging between 0.1 and 0.5 but may also be used with yarns outside these ranges of linear densities and coefficients of friction.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2006
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3108-01 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D3108/D3108M-13 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material
Effective Date
01-Jul-2013
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007

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ASTM D3108-07 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid MaterialASTM D3108-07 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material
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ASTM D3108-07 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3108 − 07
StandardTest Method for
1
Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3108; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the kinetic
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
frictional properties of a moving yarn in contact with a solid
material.
2. Referenced Documents
2
NOTE 1—For determining yarn-to-yarn friction, refer to Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3412.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
1.2 Thistestmethodspecifiesarelativespeedof100m/min.
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
The test method may be used at other speeds, although with a
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
possible change in precision and coefficient of friction.
ber) by the Skein Method
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
1.3 This test method covers the measurement of the coeffi-
D3412 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Yarn
cient of kinetic friction between yarn and solid surface or
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
surfaces of constant radius in the contact area. If a yarn of
uniform value is used, comparisons of frictional properties of
3. Terminology
different solid materials can be made with relation to that yarn.
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and
If a given solid material is used, comparisons of frictional
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
properties of different yarns, or yarns with different finishes,
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
can be made with relation to that particular solid material.
coefficient of friction, friction, kinetic friction, radian, static
1.4 This test method specifically recommends wrap angles
fraction, wrap angle.
of 3.14 and 6.28 radian (180 and 360°), but other wrap angles
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
may be used, again with a possible change in precision and
Terminology D123.
level. The angle of wrap should not be so great, especially for
yarns having high coefficients of friction, that it causes the
4. Summary of Test Method
output tension to exceed the yield value for the yarn being
4.1 A length of yarn is run at known speeds and in contact
tested.Also, in every case the angle of wrap should not be less
than 1.57 rad (90°). with either single or multiple friction surfaces using a specified
wrapangle.(SeeFig.1.)Theyarninputandoutputtensionsare
1.5 This test method has been applied to yarns having linear
measured, and the coefficient of friction is calculated by means
densities ranging between 10 and 80 tex (90 and 720 denier)
ofAmontons’law(see11.4).Alternatively,apparatusisusedin
and having coefficients of friction ranging between 0.1 and 0.5
which the ratio of output tension to input tension is measured
but may also be used with yarns outside these ranges of linear
allowing the coefficient of friction to be indicated directly.
densities and coefficients of friction.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 5. Significance and Use
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5.1 Test Method D3108 for the determination of kinetic
only.
friction between yarn and solid materials may be used for the
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarn, but
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
caution is advised since between laboratory precision is known
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- to be poor. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be
advisable.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3108 – 01. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D3108-07. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3108 − 07
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Angle of Wrap
5.1.
...

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Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
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Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM
ASTM D3693-02(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for the labeled lengths per holder of sewing threads of all materials. The test specimen is a thread holder whether a cone, tube, spool, ready-made bobbin, or any other holders. The observed length for all holders such as home sewing spools, ready-made bobbins, or all other holders which depends on the sampling size shall equal or exceed a certain percentage of the minimum allowable labeled length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the labeled lengths of sewing threads of all materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    sale 15% off