ASTM F1450-97(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Hollow Metal Swinging Door Assemblies for Detention Facilities
Standard Test Methods for Hollow Metal Swinging Door Assemblies for Detention Facilities
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover requirements for mechanical tests, simulated service test, and testing equipment for determining the performance characteristics of swinging detention hollow metal door assemblies of various styles and types of construction for use in wall openings designed to incarcerate inmates in detention/correctional institutions.
1.2 These test methods test the capability of a swinging door assembly to prevent, delay, and frustrate escape, to limit or control access to unauthorized or secure areas, and to resist common types of vandalism.
1.3 These test methods apply primarily to detention door assemblies to and from secure areas generally found inside detention/correctional facilities, such as: dayrooms, control rooms, cells, and sally ports.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F1450–97(Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Methods for
Hollow Metal Swinging Door Assemblies for Detention
Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1450; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 NFPA Standard:
252 Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
1.1 These test methods cover requirements for mechanical
2.3 UL Standards:
tests, simulated service test, and testing equipment for deter-
UL-10 (B) Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
mining the performance characteristics of swinging detention
UL-752 Bullet Resisting Equipment
hollow metal door assemblies of various styles and types of
UL-437 Standard for Key Locks
construction for use in wall openings designed to incarcerate
UL-1034 Standard for Burglary Resistant Electric Locking
inmates in detention/correctional institutions.
Mechanisms
1.2 Thesetestmethodstestthecapabilityofaswingingdoor
assembly to prevent, delay, and frustrate escape, to limit or
3. Terminology
control access to unauthorized or secure areas, and to resist
3.1 Definitions:
common types of vandalism.
3.1.1 bolt—a metal bar which, when actuated, is projected
1.3 These test methods apply primarily to detention door
(or thrown) either horizontally or vertically into a retaining
assemblies to and from secure areas generally found inside
member, such as a strike plate, to prevent a door from moving
detention/correctional facilities, such as: dayrooms, control
or opening.
rooms, cells, and sally ports.
3.1.2 bolt projection (or bolt throw)—the distance from the
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
edge of the door or frame, at the bolt center line, to the farthest
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
point on the bolt in the projected position.
information only.
3.1.3 component—a subassembly, as distinguished from a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
part, that combines with other components to make up a total
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
door assembly.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The prime components of a door as-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sembly include the following: door, lock, hinges, wall, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
door frame (includes hinge jamb, strike jamb, and header).
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.4 detention security—assurance of the restriction of
2 mobility of inmates to designated areas within a correctional or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
detention facility.
E 152 Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
3.1.5 door assembly—a unit composed of a group of parts
F 1577 Test Methods for Detention Locks for Swinging
or components that make up an opening barrier for a passage-
Doors
way through a wall.
F 1643 Test Methods for Detention Sliding Door Locking
3.1.5.1 Discussion—For the purpose of these test methods,
Device Assembly
a door assembly consists of the following parts: door; hinges;
locking device or devices; operation contacts (such as handles,
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 on knobs, or flush pulls); security glazing and glazing molding;
Detention and Correctional Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcom-
miscellaneous hardware and closers; the frame, including the
mittee F33.02 on Physical Barriers.
head and jambs plus anchorage devices to the surrounding
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as F 1450 – 97.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.
the ASTM website. Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333
Withdrawn. Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1450–97 (2004)
wall; and a portion of the surrounding wall extending 32 in. Instead of test samples, the manufacturer may contract with the
(81.3 cm) from each side of the jambs and 16 in. (40.65 cm) testing laboratory to provide a certified procedure for the
above the head. construction of tested assemblies with factory follow-up ser-
3.1.6 frame—an assembly of members surrounding and vice as an option (see 8.2).
supporting a door or doors. 5.3 Test reports shall include complete details of the test
3.1.7 hinged door—a door equipped with hinges that permit assemblies, details, photographs, or a combination thereof, of
it to swing about the vertical hinge axis, either right-hand, the testing apparatus, and installation instructions including
left-hand, right-hand reverse bevel, or left-hand reverse bevel, templates for all items of hardware (see Section 9).
depending upon hardware configuration. 5.4 In the event of failure in one or more of the performance
3.1.8 hollow metal—a term used in reference to such items tests, the manufacturer shall provide another complete test
asdoors,frames,partitions,enclosures,andotheritemsthatare sample including door, frame, and hardware assembly along
fabricated from metal sheet, typically cold-rolled or hot-rolled with test wall where applicable. If the test is performed only on
pickled-and-oiled carbon steel. the door, as in the door rack test (7.4), only the door need be
3.1.8.1 Discussion—These products are internally rein- provided for retesting.
forced but hollow, hence the term hollow metal. Typically, the
voids in doors and partitions are filled with insulation. When 6. Specimen Preparation
installed in masonry walls, the voids in frame jambs, headers,
6.1 Construction:
and mullions may be grouted or left hollow.
6.1.1 The construction and size of the test door assemblies
3.1.9 manufacturer—the party responsible for the fabrica-
consisting of single doors, frames, and all hardware compo-
tion of the test samples.
nents shall be representative of the application under investi-
3.1.10 performance characteristic—the response of the
gation within the following guidelines:
door assembly in any one of the tests described herein.
6.1.1.1 The same construction and size of test doors and
3.1.11 test completion—conduct of one test sequence for
assemblies shall apply to all tests.
each of the door assemblies.
6.1.1.2 Each test door shall be equipped with a 100 in.
3.1.12 testing laboratory—an independent materials testing
(64 516 mm ) vision panel, 4 by 25 in. (102 by 635 mm) clear
laboratory not associated with the manufacturer.
opening positioned generally as shown in Fig. 1.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 A major concern for prison administrative officials is
security barriers used in detention/correctional facilities. These
test methods are designed to aid in identifying levels of
physical security for swinging detention hollow metal door
assemblies.
4.2 These test methods are not intended to provide a
measure of resistance for a door assembly subjected to attack
by corrosive agents, by high-powered rifles, explosives, saw-
ing, or other such methods. These test methods are intended to
evaluate the resistance of a door assembly to violent attacks
using battering devices, such as benches, bunks, or tables; by
handguns up to and including .44 magnum; by prying devices;
by devices used to deform the door and render it inoperable;
and by fires started by using mattresses, books, and other
flammable materials.
4.3 The primary purpose or result of these test methods is to
approximate the levels of abuse to which door assemblies may
be subjected in the field. The desired result of its use is to help
provide ensurance of protection to the public, to facility
administrative personnel, and to the inmates themselves.
4.4 It is recommended that detention/correctional facility
administration provide adequate training, supervision, and
preventative maintenance programs to enable door assemblies
to function as intended throughout the expected service life.
5. Sampling
5.1 Sample door and frame assemblies shall be constructed
in accordance with Section 6.1.
5.2 The manufacturer shall permanently mark the test
samplesandretainthematthemanufacturingfacilityforfuture
FIG. 1 Test Assembly Elevation Location of Strike Points
reference for a period of at least one year from test date. Described in Table 1
F1450–97 (2004)
6.1.1.3 The first door shall swing on three full mortised butt 7.1.1 When specified by the contract documents of a
hinges and shall be locked using a door-mounted, pocket-type detention/correctional facility project, test door assemblies for
detention security lock with bolt size not to exceed 2 in. (51 bullet penetration in accordance with UL-752.
mm) high by ⁄4 in. (19 mm) wide and latch bolt engagement 7.1.2 Testing of the door, frame, hardware, or security
not to exceed ⁄8 in. (22.3 mm).
glazing as individual components is acceptable if conducted in
6.1.1.4 The second door shall swing on three full mortised accordance with UL-752. The level of performance shall meet
butt hinges and shall be locked using a jamb-mounted security
the rating of .44 magnum, Level 3.
lock with bolt size not to exceed 2 in. (51 mm) high by ⁄4 in.
7.1.3 The pass/fail criteria shall be in accordance with
(19 mm) wide and latch bolt engagement not to exceed ⁄8 in.
UL-752.
(22.3 mm).
7.2 Door Assembly Impact Test:
6.1.1.5 Required results indicated in Table 1 are based upon
7.2.1 Scope—This test method is designed to evaluate the
a door size of 3 by 7 ft.
capability of a complete swinging detention door assembly
6.2 Impact Test Fixture:
including frame, door, wall anchoring, lock, hinges, and other
6.2.1 The door assembly support fixture and wall shall
options as required by the manufacturer, to resist repetitive
simulate the rigidity normally provided to a door assembly in
impact forces at the designated critical areas.
a building by the ceiling, floor, and walls. Fig. 2 illustrates an
7.2.2 Significance and Use:
acceptance fixture.
7.2.2.1 This test method is intended to closely simulate a
6.2.2 The fixture is designed to accommodate two test
sustained battering ram style attack and provide an evaluation
samples; however, it is permissible to construct a test fixture
ofthecapabilityoftheassemblytoprevent,delay,andfrustrate
that accommodates one sample only, if the manufacturer so
escape or access, or both, to unauthorized areas. The test may
chooses.
be used to aid in identifying a level of physical security for
6.2.3 Description of the Test Wall—The door assembly shall
various configurations of swinging detention hollow metal
be mounted in a vertical wall section constructed suitably to
door assemblies.
retain the sample(s) throughout the testing procedure. Typical
7.2.2.2 An impact test of this design performed on a
wall details shown in Figs. 2-5 describe an acceptance wall.
complete assembly evaluates the impact fatigue strength of the
The wall specification shall be included as part of the test
assembly and its components as well as quality of fabrication
report.
techniques and strength of materials used.
6.3 Mounting for Impact Testing:
7.2.3 Apparatus:
6.3.1 Mounttheswingingdoorssoastoopenawayfromthe
7.2.3.1 Door Ram—The door ram shall be a pendular
working area. Position the impact test ram opposite the door
system with steel weight capable of delivering horizontal
side of the assembly so that the door opens away from the ram.
impactsofupto200ft·lbf(271.2J).Theweightoftherammay
6.3.2 Prepare doors and door jambs for the installation of
vary from 80 to 100 lb (36.0 to 45.0 kg). The striking nose of
locksets and hinges in conformance with the hardware manu-
the ram shall be made from C1010–1020 carbon steel, the
facturer’s instructions and templates. Follow the hollow metal
striking surface area of which shall be 4.0 6 0.04 in. (25.8
door assembly manufacturer’s instructions for fastening the
cm ) (see Fig. 6).
jamb to the support fixture described in 7.2.
7.2.4 Procedure:
6.3.3 Install components such as test doors, door frames,
7.2.4.1 With the test fixture and test apparatus, deliver the
hinges, and hardware in the component test fixture described in
series of impacts listed in Table 1 (and shown in Fig. 1) to the
7.2. Provide clearances on the lock side, hinge side, and top of
assembly on the push side of the door.
1 1
the door ⁄8 6 ⁄32 in. (3.2 6 0.8 mm) maximum. Clearance at
7.2.4.2 Keep the door closed and locked, and keep security
the threshold is not considered critical in these tests.
glazing, if used in the assembly, in place throughout the testing
procedure. Failure is constituted by the door assembly being
7. Procedures
damaged to the extent that forcible egress can be achieved.
7.1 Bullet Penetration: This does not apply to the passage of contraband.
A ,B
TABLE 1 Security Grades and Test Load Requirements
Impact Test A Impact Energy = 200
Recommended Door Face
ft·lbf (271.2 J)
Grade Sheet and Frame ASTM Reference
Static Load Test B, lbf (N) Rack Load Test C, lbf (N)
Number Thickness, in. (mm) gage, Standards
Hinge Glazing
Lock Impacts
min
Impacts Impacts
1 0.093 (2.3) 12 14 000 (62 272) 7500 (33 360) 600 200 100 F 1450, F1577, F1643
2 0.093 (2.3) 12 14 000 (62 272) 7500 (33 360) 400 150 100 F 1450, F1577, F1643
3 0.067 (1.7) 14 11 000 (48 939) 5500 (24 470) 200 75 100 F 1450, F1577
4 0.067 (1.7) 14 11 000 (48 939) 5500 (24 470) 100 35 100 F 1450, F1577
A
The cyclic sequence of impacts on the hinge side shall be 25 hits per hinge location and then moving to the next hinge location.
B
The element of time, which is not shown in Table 1, is based upon historical testing observation that indicates that sustained manpower can deliver 400 blows of 200
ft·lb (271.2 J) each in 45 min. The number of blows required to achieve Grade 1 will require more time, predicted to be1hormore, and the number of blows required
to achieve Grades 3 and 4 will be less than Grade 2, predicted to be 30 min and 15 min, respectively. This is offered solely as supplementary design information to assist
the user in matching security grades with the attack resistance times and staff response times required for each opening in the facility.
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