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ASTM D5739-06

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is useful for assessing the source for an oil spill. Other less complex analytical procedures (Test Methods D 3328, D 3414, D 3650, and D 5037) may provide all of the necessary information for ascertaining an oil spill source; however, the use of a more complex analytical strategy may be necessary in certain difficult cases, particularly for significantly weathered oils. This practice provides the user with a means to this end.
4.1.1 This practice presumes that a “screening” of possible suspect sources has already occurred using less intensive techniques. As a result, this practice focuses directly on the generation of data using preselected targeted compound classes. These targets are both petrogenic and pyrogenic and can constitute both major and minor fractions of petroleum oils; they were chosen in order to develop a practice that is universally applicable to petroleum oil identification in general and is also easy to handle and apply. This practice can accommodate light oils and cracked products (exclusive of gasoline) on the one hand, as well as residual oils on the other.
4.1.2 This practice provides analytical characterizations of petroleum oils for comparison purposes. Certain classes of source-specific chemical compounds are targeted in this qualitative comparison; these target compounds are both unique descriptors of an oil and chemically resistant to environmental degradation. Spilled oil can be assessed in this way as being similar or different from potential source samples by the direct visual comparison of specific extracted ion chromatograms (EICs). In addition, other, more weathering-sensitive chemical compound classes can also be examined in order to crudely assess the degree of weathering undergone by an oil spill sample.
This practice simply provides a means of making qualitative comparisons between petroleum samples; quantitation of the various chemical components is not addressed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to analyze and compare petroleum oil spills and suspected sources.
1.2 The probable source for a spill can be ascertained by the examination of certain unique compound classes that also demonstrate the most weathering stability. To a greater or lesser degree, certain chemical classes can be anticipated to chemically alter in proportion to the weathering exposure time and severity, and subsequent analytical changes can be predicted. This practice recommends various classes to be analyzed and also provides a guide to expected weathering-induced analytical changes.
1.3 This practice is applicable for moderately to severely degraded petroleum oils in the distillate range from diesel through Bunker C; it is also applicable for all crude oils with comparable distillation ranges. This practice may have limited applicability for some kerosenes, but it is not useful for gasolines.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Aug-2006
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.06 - Methods for Analysis for Organic Substances in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5739-00 - Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
15-Aug-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D5739-06(2013) - Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
15-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3328-06(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
15-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3415-98(2017) - Standard Practice for Identification of Waterborne Oils
Effective Date
15-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM E3163-18 - Standard Guide for Selection and Application of Analytical Methods and Procedures Used during Sediment Corrective Action
Effective Date
15-Aug-2006

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ASTM D5739-06 - Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass SpectrometryASTM D5739-06 - Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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ASTM D5739-06 - Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5739 −06
StandardPractice for
Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and
Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5739; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil Samples
D3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identification
1.1 This practice covers the use of gas chromatography and
of Waterborne Oils
mass spectrometry to analyze and compare petroleum oil spills
D3328 Test Methods for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-
and suspected sources.
leum Oils by Gas Chromatography
1.2 The probable source for a spill can be ascertained by the
D3414 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-
examination of certain unique compound classes that also
leum Oils by Infrared Spectroscopy
demonstrate the most weathering stability. To a greater or
D3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne Oils
lesser degree, certain chemical classes can be anticipated to
D3650 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-
chemically alter in proportion to the weathering exposure time
leum Oils By Fluorescence Analysis
and severity, and subsequent analytical changes can be pre-
D5037 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-
dicted. This practice recommends various classes to be ana-
leum Oils by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
3
lyzed and also provides a guide to expected weathering—
(Withdrawn 2002)
induced analytical changes.
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
1.3 This practice is applicable for moderately to severely ships
degraded petroleum oils in the distillate range from diesel
3. Summary of Practice
through Bunker C; it is also applicable for all crude oils with
comparable distillation ranges. This practice may have limited
3.1 The recommended chromatography column is a capil-
applicability for some kerosenes, but it is not useful for
lary directly interfaced to the mass spectrometer (either qua-
gasolines.
drupole or magnetic).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 The low-resolution mass spectrometer is operated in the
standard.
positive ion electron impact mode, 70 eV nominal.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 Mass spectral data are acquired, stored, and processed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with the aid of commercially available computer-based data
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
systems.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is useful for assessing the source for an oil
2. Referenced Documents
spill. Other less complex analytical procedures (Test Methods
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3328, D3414, D3650, and D5037) may provide all of the
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
necessary information for ascertaining an oil spill source;
however, the use of a more complex analytical strategy may be
necessaryincertaindifficultcases,particularlyforsignificantly
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
weathered oils.This practice provides the user with a means to
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for
Organic Substances in Water. this end.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2006. Published August 2006. Originally
4.1.1 This practice presumes that a “screening” of possible
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5739 – 00. DOI:
suspect sources has already occurred using less intensive
10.1520/D5739-06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5739−06
TABLE 1 Extracted Ion Chromatograms (EICs)
techniques. As a result, this practice focuses directly on the
generation of data using preselected targeted compound Approximate Time
Compound Type Ion
Interval, min
classes. These targets are both petrogenic and pyrogenic and
Naphthalenes C 156 18 to 23
2
can constitute both major and minor fractions of petroleum
C 170 20 to 25
3
oils; they were chosen in o
...

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FIG. 1 Restrictions Imposed by the Conductivity pH Relationship  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved, total-recoverable, or total elements in drinking water, ground water, surface water, domestic, commercial or industrial wastewaters,2,3 within the following concentration ranges of Table 1.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 2  and Section 9.  
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ASTM D5739-06(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for assessing the source for an oil spill. Other less complex analytical procedures (Test Methods D3328, D3414, D3650, and D5037) may provide all of the necessary information for ascertaining an oil spill source; however, the use of a more complex analytical strategy may be necessary in certain difficult cases, particularly for significantly weathered oils. This practice provides the user with a means to this end.  
4.1.1 This practice presumes that a “screening” of possible suspect sources has already occurred using less intensive techniques. As a result, this practice focuses directly on the generation of data using preselected targeted compound classes. These targets are both petrogenic and pyrogenic and can constitute both major and minor fractions of petroleum oils; they were chosen in order to develop a practice that is universally applicable to petroleum oil identification in general and is also easy to handle and apply. This practice can accommodate light oils and cracked products (exclusive of gasoline) on the one hand, as well as residual oils on the other.  
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