ASTM D545-99(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Types)
Standard Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Types)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The compression resistance perpendicular to the faces, the resistance to the extrusion during compression, and the ability to recover after release of the load are indicative of a joint filler’ability to fill continuously a concrete expansion joint and thereby prevent damage that might otherwise occur during thermal expansion. The asphalt content is a measure of the fiber-type joint filler’durability and life expectancy. In the case of cork-type fillers, the resistance to water absorption and resistance to boiling hydrochloric acid are relative measures of durability and life expectancy.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the physical properties associated with preformed expansion joint fillers. The test methods include:PropertySectionAsphalt content7.5Boiling in hydrochloric acid7.4Compression7.2Density7.7Expansion in boiling water7.1Extrusion7.3Recovery7.2Water absorption7.6
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound are to be regarded as standard.
Note 1—Specific test methods are applicable only to certain types of joint fillers, as stated herein.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D545–99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete
Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Types)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope ability to recover after release of the load are indicative of a
joint filler’s ability to fill continuously a concrete expansion
1.1 These test methods cover the physical properties asso-
joint and thereby prevent damage that might otherwise occur
ciated with preformed expansion joint fillers.The test methods
during thermal expansion. The asphalt content is a measure of
include:
thefiber-typejointfiller’sdurabilityandlifeexpectancy.Inthe
Property Section
case of cork-type fillers, the resistance to water absorption and
Asphalt content 7.5
Boiling in hydrochloric acid 7.4
resistance to boiling hydrochloric acid are relative measures of
Compression 7.2
durability and life expectancy.
Density 7.7
Expansion in boiling water 7.1
4. Apparatus
Extrusion 7.3
Recovery 7.2
4.1 Balance, for weighing joint fillers capable of weighing
Water absorption 7.6
test specimens within 0.01 g.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound are to be regarded as
4.2 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintaining
standard.
220 6 5.0°F [104 6 3°C].
4.3 Desiccator, of sufficient size to accommodate the test
NOTE 1—Specific test methods are applicable only to certain types of
joint fillers, as stated herein. specimens.
4.4 Vernier Caliper, for measuring length and width of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specimens with accuracy within 60.01 in. [0.25 mm].
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.5 Dial Micrometer, or other measuring device, graduated
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
to read in 0.001-in. [0.02-mm] units.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
4.6 Extrusion Mold—Three-sided steel mold to confine
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
lateral movement of specimens under compression to one side
2. Referenced Documents only. Interior dimensions shall be 4 by 4 in. [102 by 102 mm]
with permissible variations in length and width of 60.015 in.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
[0.38 mm]. Mold sides shall be of such height as to extend at
D147 Methods ofTesting Bituminous Mastics, Grouts, and
least 0.5 in. [13 mm] above the test specimens.Atypical mold
Like Mixtures
can be made from a steel base ⁄2by4by4 6 0.015 in. [13 by
D1037 Test Methods for Evaluating the Properties of
102 by 102 6 0.3 mm] and three bolted steel side plates ⁄4 in.
Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
[6.35 mm] thick, extending approximately 1 ⁄2 in. [38 mm]
3. Significance and Use above the base plate, thus forming a three-sided open-top box.
4.7 Template—One steel template 4 by 4 in. [102 by 102
3.1 The compression resistance perpendicular to the faces,
mm], machined from ⁄2-in. [6.4-mm] steel plate to fit the
the resistance to the extrusion during compression, and the
extrusion mold. The template shall fit the mold within−0.005
in. [0.13 mm] in length and width.
1 1
These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
4.8 Metal Plate,4 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄2 in. 6 0.1 in. [114 by 114 6 2.5
and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.34 on
mm] with parallel faces machined from ⁄2-in. [6.4-mm] steel
Preformed Joint Fillers, Sealers, and Sealing Systems.
plate.
Current edition approved July 15, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
4.9 Compression Tester, either hydraulic- or screw-type
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D545–99.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
equipment with sufficient opening between upper- and lower-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bearing surfaces to permit the use of verifying apparatus. The
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
load applied to the test specimen shall be indicated with an
the ASTM website.
Withdrawn. accuracy of 61.0%. The upper-bearing device shall be a
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D545–99 (2005)
spherically seated, hardened metal block firmly attached at the Determine the thickness of each specimen to the nearest 0.001
center of the upper head of the machine. The center of the in.[0.03mm].Immersethespecimensinboilingwaterfor1h;
sphere shall lie at the center of the surface of the block in remove and allow to cool to room temperature for 15 min.
contactwiththespecimen.Theblockshallbecloselyheldinits Measure the final thickness of each specimen to the nearest
spherical seat, but free to tilt in any direction. Load shall be 0.001 in. Calculate the expansion as follows:
applied without shock at 0.05 in. [1.3 mm] per minute.
A
Expansion,%,oforiginalthickness 5 3100 (1)
4.10 Extractor Apparatus, similar to Fig. 1 of Methods
B
D147 with thermostatically controlled heating element.
where:
A = thickness in inches after boiling in water and
5. Sampling
2 2 B = thickness in inches before boiling in water.
5.1 One representative sample approximately 2 ft /1000 ft
7.1.2 Prepare the test specimens for testing as described in
of joint filler shall be obtained and properly packaged for safe
6.2.
transporting to the testing agency.
7.2 Recovery and Compression:
5.2 For self-expanding cork joint filler, a minimum of five
1 1
4 ⁄2-by4 ⁄2-in. (114- by 114-mm) square specimens properly
7.2.1 Test Specimen—For these tests use one of the speci-
banded and plastic wrapped at point of manufacture shall be
mens prepared and described in 6.1 and 6.2. For the cork,
submitted for testing.
sponge rubber, bituminous cork, and fiber joint fillers make
these tests on material as received. If the cork filler fails to
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
meet the specified requirements, make check tests on speci-
mens that have been immersed in water for 24 h and then
6.1 For the joint fillers made of cork, sponge rubber,
bituminouscork,orfiber,cutfivespecimens4by4in.[102by air-driedatambientconditionsfor24h.Acceptanceisbasedon
the results of the check tests.
102 mm]. Each specimen shall be freshly and squarely cut
using a metal plate as a cutting template, as described in 4.7.
7.2.2 Mounting—Place the test specimen on a flat metal
1 1
6.2 For self-expanding cork only, after boiling the speci-
plate and center a 4- by 4 ⁄2-by ⁄2-in. [114- by 114- by 13-
mens in water as described in 7.1.1, air dry in ambient air 24
mm]metalplate,groundtohaveplaneparallelfaces,onthetop
h. Then cut specimens to the size described in 6.1.
surface of the specimen. Use a simple U-shaped bridge to
6.3 Determine the thickness of each specimen to the nearest
support a dial gage or other suitable measuring device reading
0.001 in. [0.03 mm].
to the nearest 0.001 in. [0.03 mm] above the center of the
specimen. Place a hollow metal load transfer cylinder with
7. Procedures
slots for inserting the U-shape bridge and an opening for
7.1 Expansion in Boiling Water: reading the measuring device between the moving head of the
7.1.1 Forself-expandingcorkjointfilleronly,usefiveofthe testing machine and the plate covering the specimen.Atypical
testspecimenssuppliedbythemanufactureasdescribedin5.2. mounting is shown in Fig. 1, but other suitable devices may be
1—Flat Metal Plate. 5—Measuring Device.
2—Specimen. 6—Hollow Cylinder.
1 1 1
3—Metal Plate 4 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄2 by ⁄2 in. (102 by 102 by 13 mm). 7—Spherical Bearing Block.
4—U-Shape Bridge.
FIG. 1 Typical Mounting of the Specimen for Recovery and Compression Tests
D545–99 (2005)
used. Mount a spherical bearing block between the upper end 7.3 Extrusion:
of the cylinder and the moving head of the testing machine. 7.3.1 Test Specimens— For this test, use one of the test
Center accurately both the hollow metal cylinder or other specimens prepared as described in 6.1 (or one of the self-
device and the spherical bearing block so that the load will be expandingcorkspecimenspreparedin6.2).Inthecaseofcork,
applied uniformly to the test specimen. sponge rubber, bituminous cork, and fiber expansion joint
fillers, make these tests on specimens of the materials as
7.2.3 Measurement of Thickness—When the specimen has
received. If the cork filler fails to meet the requirements of the
beenmountedasdescribedin7.2.2andissubjectedonlytothe
1 1 1
specifications, make check tests on specimens that have been
pressure of the dead weight of the 4 ⁄2-by4 ⁄2-by ⁄2-in. [114-
immersedinwaterfor24handsubsequentlyair-driedfor24h.
by 114- by 13-mm] metal plate, determine its thickness by
Base acceptance on the results of these check tests.
means of the measuring device. When the load-
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